24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách Cambridge 11 test 1 reading 3.

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CAM9 TEST 3 R2

Contribute= Which word is a synonym for BE FED INTO in this sentence: The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would BE FED INTO the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.

Harsh= Which word is a synonym for HOSTILE in this sentence: The technology for dealing with the HOSTILE saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers.

Possibility= Which word is a synonym for PROSPECT in this sentence: The technology raises the PROSPECT of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions.

Attach= Which word is a synonym for STICK in this sentence: The towers will STICK out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.

Rope= Which word is a synonym for CABLES in this sentence: Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater CABLES.

Stream= Which word is a synonym for TIDE in this sentence: If TIDE, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe.

Animal= Which word is a synonym for CREATURES in this sentence: Fish and other CREATURES are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades.

Possible= Which word is a synonym for POTENTIAL in this sentence: EU research has now identified 106 POTENTIAL sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain.

Until now= Which word is a synonym for SO FAR in this sentence: SO FAR we do not know how much of a problem it might be.

Together= Which word is a synonym for JOINTLY in this sentence: The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture JOINTLY funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union.

Minor= Which word is a synonym for SLIGHT in this sentence: Another SLIGHT concern is submerged debris floating into the blades.

Extremely= Which word is a synonym for DRASTICALLY in this sentence: The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and DRASTICALLY reducing its carbon dioxide emissions.

Think= Which word is a synonym for EXPECTED in this sentence: The first station is EXPECTED to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union.

Finance= Which word is a synonym for FUNDED in this sentence: The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly FUNDED by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union.

Degree= Which word is a synonym for EXTENT in this sentence: It is still too early to predict the EXTENT of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the future

Concern= Which word is a synonym for OBJECTIONS in this sentence: Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental OBJECTIONS.

Place= Which word is a synonym for SITE in this sentence: One SITE alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country's electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1, 200 megawatts of Britain's largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk.

Key= Which word is a synonym for MAJOR in this sentence: Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a MAJOR industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.

Regular= Which word is a synonym for CONSTANT in this sentence: Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships' propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is CONSTANT.

Trash= Which word is a synonym for DEBRIS in this sentence: Another slight concern is submerged DEBRIS floating into the blades.

Install= Which word is a synonym for MOUNTED in this sentence: Each turbine will be MOUNTED on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables.

Sell abroad= Which word is a synonym for EXPORT in this sentence: If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and EXPORT renewable power to other parts of Europe.

Underwater= Which word is a synonym for SUBMERGED in this sentence: Another slight concern is SUBMERGED debris floating into the blades.

Discard= Which word is a synonym for ABANDONED in this sentence: Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then ABANDONED for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.

Develop= Which word is a synonym for ADVANCED in this sentence: Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well ADVANCED at the University of Southampton's sustainable energy research group.

Trade= Which word is a synonym for COMMERCIAL in this sentence: There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing COMMERCIAL marine turbine farms.

Underwater= Which word is a synonym for UNDERSEA in this sentence: UNDERSEA turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important Source of renewable energy for Britain.

Fairly= Which word is a synonym for RELATIVELY in this sentence: Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the RELATIVELY slow-turning blades.

Recognize= Which word is a synonym for IDENTIFIED in this sentence: Tidal sites have already been IDENTIFIED that will produce one sixth or more of the UK's power - and at prices competitive with modern gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry.

Work= Which word is a synonym for OPERATING in this sentence: OPERATING on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships' propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant.

Strong= Which word is a synonym for ROBUST in this sentence: We will have to make the turbines ROBUST because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.'

Forecast= Which word is a synonym for PREDICT in this sentence: It is still too early to PREDICT the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the future

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách Cambridge (CAM 9 TEST 2 R3)

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CAM 9 TEST 2 R3

Activate= Which word is a synonym for TRIGGER in this sentence: The problem with novelty, however, is that it tends to TRIGGER the brain's fear system.

Trouble-= Which word is a synonym for PLAGUE in this sentence: Iconoclasts, either because they were born that way or through learning, have found ways to work around the perceptual shortcuts that PLAGUE most people.

Hindrance=Which word is a synonym for IMPEDIMENT in this sentence: Fear is a major IMPEDIMENT to thinking like an iconoclast and stops the average person in his tracks.

Mockery=Which word is a synonym for RIDICULE in this sentence: There are many types of fear, but the two that inhibit iconoclastic thinking and people generally find difficult to deal with are fear of uncertainty and fear of public RIDICULE.

Only= Which word is a synonym for A MATTER OF in this sentence: Naysayers might suggest that the brain is irrelevant, that thinking in an original, even revolutionary, way is more A MATTER OF personality than brain function.

Understand=Which word is a synonym for MAKE SENSE OF in this sentence: Thus it will draw on both past experience and any other source of information, such as what other people say, to MAKE SENSE OF what it is seeing.

Use= Which word is a synonym for UTILIZES in this sentence: Each of these three functions UTILIZES a different circuit in the brain.

Meet= Which word is a synonym for CONFRONTED WITH in this sentence: For example, when CONFRONTED WITH information streaming from the eyes, the brain will interpret this information in the quickest way possible.

Develop= Which word is a synonym for EVOLVED in this sentence: It has a fixed energy budget, about the same as a 40 watt light bulb, so it has EVOLVED to work as efficiently as possible

Restriction= Which word is a synonym for CONSTRAINTS in this sentence: By understanding these CONSTRAINTS, we begin to understand why some people march to a different drumbeat.

Undergo= Which word is a synonym for SUFFERS FROM in this sentence: The first thing to realize is that the brain SUFFERS FROM limited resources.

Benefit= Which word is a synonym for ASSET in this sentence: Iconoclasts face alienation and failure, but can also be a major ASSET to any organization.

Cope with= Which word is a synonym for DEAL WITH in this sentence: There are many types of fear, but the two that inhibit iconoclastic thinking and people generally find difficult to DEAL WITH are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule.

Meet=Which word is a synonym for FACES in this sentence: The brain FACES the fundamental problem of interpreting physical stimuli from the senses.

Explain= Which word is a synonym for INTERPRET in this sentence: For example, when confronted with information streaming from the eyes, the brain will INTERPRET this information in the quickest way possible.

Enthusiasm= Which word is a synonym for WILLINGNESS in this sentence: Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary WILLINGNESS to be exposed to what is fresh and different.

Hinder= Which word is a synonym for INHIBIT in this sentence: There are many types of fear, but the two that INHIBIT iconoclastic thinking and people generally find difficult to deal with are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule.

Opinion= Which word is a synonym for PERCEPTION in this sentence: This definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways: PERCEPTION, fear response, and social intelligence.

Possible= Which word is a synonym for POTENTIAL in this sentence: In technical terms, these conjectures have their basis in the statistical likelihood of one interpretation over another and are heavily influenced by past experience and, importantly for POTENTIAL iconoclasts, what other people say.

Different= Which word is a synonym for DISTINCT in this sentence: This definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three DISTINCT ways: Perception, fear response, and social intelligence.

String= Which word is a synonym for CHAINS in this sentence: Novelty releases the perceptual process from the CHAINS of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments.

Persuade= Which word is a synonym for CONVINCE in this sentence: These brain regions play key roles in whether people CONVINCE others of their ideas.

Eventually= Which word is a synonym for ULTIMATELY in this sentence: The one that is ULTIMATELY chosen is simply the brain's best theory.

Inhibit = Which word is a synonym for IMPEDED in this sentence: This is where most people are IMPEDED from being an iconoclast.

Different= Which word is a synonym for VARIANT in this sentence: It is simply a common VARIANT of human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let inhibit their reactions.

Vital= Which word is a synonym for CENTRAL in this sentence: Perception is CENTRAL to iconoclasm.

Contestant= Which word is a synonym for COMPETITORS in this sentence: These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain's secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from COMPETITORS.

Meet= Which word is a synonym for ENCOUNTERED in this sentence: The best way to see things differently to other people is to bombard the brain with things it has never ENCOUNTERED before.

Trouble= Which word is a synonym for CURSE in this sentence: It is a learned process, which is both a CURSE and an opportunity for change.

Funds=Which word is a synonym for BUDGET in this sentence: It has a fixed energy BUDGET, about the same as a 40 watt light bulb, so it has evolved to work as efficiently as possible.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM 9 TEST2- R2.

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CAM 9 TEST2- R2

Ancient= Which word is a synonym for PRIMEVAL in this sentence: In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the PRIMEVAL bacteria.

Procreate= Which word is a synonym for BREED in this sentence: They don't even come ashore to BREED.

Bunch= Which word is a synonym for CLUSTER in this sentence: All the land tortoise species formed a tight CLUSTER of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph.

Previous= Which word is a synonym for PRIOR in this sentence: And we mustn't forget the plants, without whose PRIOR invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.

Dry= Which word is a synonym for PARCHED in this sentence: At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most PARCHED deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids.

Noteworthy= Which word is a synonym for REMARKABLE in this sentence: Tortoises therefore represent a REMARKABLE double return.

Living thing= Which word is a synonym for CREATURES in this sentence: Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land CREATURES altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors.

Complete= Which word is a synonym for THOROUGHGOING in this sentence: Nevertheless, a good number of THOROUGHGOING land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again.

Decide= Which word is a synonym for DETERMINE in this sentence: The next step was to DETERMINE where the fossils fell.

Which word is a synonym for DETERMINE in this sentence: The next step was to DETERMINE where the fossils fell. =

Form=Which word is a synonym for CONSTITUTE in this sentence: Today's land tortoises CONSTITUTE a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles.

Breeding= Which word is a synonym for REPRODUCTION in this sentence: Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and REPRODUCTION.

Change= Which word is a synonym for EVOLVED in this sentence: Later ancestors still EVOLVED back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts.

Signify= Which word is a synonym for REPRESENT in this sentence: Tortoises therefore REPRESENT a remarkable double return.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM9 TEST 1 Reading 2

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CAM9 TEST 1 Reading 2

Urgent= Which word is a synonym for IMPERATIVE in this sentence: It is IMPERATIVE that the needs of these children are taken into account in the setting of appropriate international standards to be promulgated in future.

Count= Which word is a synonym for QUANTIFY in this sentence: This is difficult to scientifically QUANTIFY as such extra-sensory stimuli vary greatly from one autistic individual to another.

Disturbing= Which word is a synonym for INTRUSIVE in this sentence: But a child who finds any type of noise in their classroom or learning space INTRUSIVE is likely to be adversely affected in their ability to process information.

Band= Which word is a synonym for SPECTRUM in this sentence: The auditory function deficits in question include hearing impairment, autistic SPECTRUM disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD).

Filter out= Which word is a synonym for SCREEN OUT in this sentence: Children experiencing these disorders find it difficult to SCREEN OUT unimportant information, and focus on everything in the environment rather than attending to a single activity.

Insulate=Which word is a synonym for ISOLATE in this sentence: Children experiencing an auditory function deficit can often find speech and communication very difficult to ISOLATE and process when set against high levels of background noise.

Comprehensive=Which word is a synonym for WIDE-RANGING in this sentence: The New Zealand Government has developed a New Zealand Disability Strategy and has embarked on a WIDE-RANGING consultation process.

Create= Which word is a synonym for FORMULATING in this sentence: A number of countries are already in the process of FORMULATING their own standards for the control and reduction of classroom noise.

Opening= Which word is a synonym for PRELIMINARY in this sentence: A PRELIMINARY study in New Zealand has shown that classroom noise presents a major concern for teachers and pupils.

Joint= Which word is a synonym for COLLABORATIVE in this sentence: Education researchers Nelson and Soli have also suggested that recent trends in learning often involve COLLABORATIVE interaction of multiple minds and tools as much as individual possession of information.

Allow for= Which word is a synonym for TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT in this sentence: It is imperative that the needs of these children are TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT in the setting of appropriate international standards to be promulgated in future.

Intensify=Which word is a synonym for TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT in this sentence: It is imperative that the needs of these children are TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT in the setting of appropriate international standards to be promulgated in future.

Harmfully= Which word is a synonym for ADVERSELY in this sentence: But a child who finds any type of noise in their classroom or learning space intrusive is likely to be ADVERSELY affected in their ability to process information.

Result= Which word is a synonym for CONSEQUENCES in this sentence: This is likely to have major CONSEQUENCES for the individual and the population as a whole.

Aggravate= Which word is a synonym for EXACERBATE in this sentence: Noise in classrooms can only EXACERBATE their difficulty in comprehending and processing verbal communication with other children and instructions from the teacher.

Plan= Which word is a synonym for STRATEGIES in this sentence: STRATEGIES are needed to obtain the optimum classroom construction and perhaps a change in classroom culture and methods of teaching.

Shortfall= Which word is a synonym for DEFICIT in this sentence: Hearing impairment or other auditory function DEFICIT in young children can have a major impact on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to learn at school.

Weak= Which word is a synonym for VULNERABLE in this sentence: While the detrimental effects of noise in classroom situations are not limited to children experiencing disability, those with a disability that affects their processing of speech and verbal communication could be extremely VULNERABLE.

Harmful= Which word is a synonym for DETRIMENTAL in this sentence: Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can have a major impact on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a DETRIMENTAL effect on their ability to learn at school.

Possibility= Which word is a synonym for POTENTIAL in this sentence: This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels, which have the POTENTIAL to be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit.

Crucially= Which word is a synonym for VITALLY in this sentence: For a successful education, the learning environment is VITALLY significant, so any effort to improve this is likely to be of great benefit to all children, but especially to those with auditory function disabilities.

Suitable= Which word is a synonym for APPROPRIATE in this sentence: It is imperative that the needs of these children are taken into account in the setting of APPROPRIATE international standards to be promulgated in future.

Ownership= Which word is a synonym for POSSESSION in this sentence: Education researchers Nelson and Soli have also suggested that recent trends in learning often involve collaborative interaction of multiple minds and tools as much as individual POSSESSION of information.

Full= Which word is a synonym for THOROUGH in this sentence: In particular, the effects of noisy classrooms and activities on those experiencing disabilities in the form of auditory function deficit need THOROUGH investigation.

Hidden= Which word is a synonym for INVISIBLE in this sentence: It is probable that many undiagnosed children exist in the education system with 'INVISIBLE' disabilities.

Criterion= Which word is a synonym for STANDARDS in this sentence: A number of countries are already in the process of formulating their own STANDARDS for the control and reduction of classroom noise.

Best= Which word is a synonym for OPTIMUM in this sentence: Strategies are needed to obtain the OPTIMUM classroom construction and perhaps a change in classroom culture and methods of teaching.

Normal= Which word is a synonym for TYPICAL in this sentence: The effects of noise on the ability of children to learn effectively in TYPICAL classroom environments are now the subject of increasing concern.

Understand= Which word is a synonym for COMPREHEND in this sentence: Modern teaching practices, the organisation of desks in the classroom, poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation such as air-conditioning units all contribute to the number of children unable to COMPREHEND the teacher's voice.

Divergence= Which word is a synonym for DISCREPANCIES IN in this sentence: Autism is considered a neurological and genetic life-long disorder that causes DISCREPANCIES IN the way information is processed.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM9 TEST 3 R1

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CAM9 R. P1. TEST 3

Cam9 p. R1. Test 3

Which word is a synonym for CIRCUITS in this sentence: Sensors and CIRCUITS were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realised that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. = trip

Which word is a synonym for LEAVE OUT in this sentence: As mobile phone text messages like 'I CN C U' show, it is often possible to LEAVE OUT a lot of data without losing much meaning. = exclude

Which word is a synonym for LAUNCHED in this sentence: The space probe, Voyager I, LAUNCHED in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. = dispatch

Which word is a synonym for INTACT in this sentence: In the process he discovered something surprising: It is always possible to guarantee information will get through random interference - 'noise' - INTACT. = unharmed

Which word is a synonym for BREAKTHROUGHS in this sentence: Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for building gadgets, and made BREAKTHROUGHS in the foundations of computer technology when still a student. = advance

Which word is a synonym for PRECISION in this sentence: Information theory generalises this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical PRECISION. = exactness

Which word is a synonym for SUPERFLUOUS in this sentence: Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out SUPERFLUOUS ('redundant') bits from data which contributed little real information. = unnecessary

Which word is a synonym for SPACE PROBE in this sentence: The SPACE PROBE, Voyager I, launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. = spacecraft

Which word is a synonym for THEORY in this sentence: Information THEORY lies at the heart of everything - from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. = idea

Which word is a synonym for TRANSMIT in this sentence: Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to TRANSMIT it from place to place. = communicate

Which word is a synonym for HIGHLIGHTED in this sentence: But it also HIGHLIGHTED the astonishing power of the techniques developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just a year earlier. = emphasize

Unclear=Which word is a synonym for VAGUE in this sentence: Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise VAGUE ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place.

Surprising= Which word is a synonym for ASTONISHING in this sentence: But it also highlighted the ASTONISHING power of the techniques developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just a year earlier.

Evidently=Which word is a synonym for APPARENTLY in this sentence: He set out with an APPARENTLY simple aim: To pin down the precise meaning of the concept of 'information'.

Assure=Which word is a synonym for GUARANTEE in this sentence: In the process he discovered something surprising: It is always possible to GUARANTEE information will get through random interference - 'noise' - intact.

Deal with=Which word is a synonym for COPE WITH in this sentence: The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up - 'coding' - information to COPE WITH the ravages of noise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity - 'bandwidth' - of the communication system being used.

Rely on=Which word is a synonym for DEPENDS ON in this sentence: This rate DEPENDS ON the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its 'bandwidth').

Portray=Which word is a synonym for CAPTURED in this sentence: The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true or false - which can be CAPTURED in the binary unit, or 'bit', of the form 1 or 0.

Achievement=Which word is a synonym for FEATS in this sentence: Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, and they have proved crucial in many technological FEATS.

Acquire=Which word is a synonym for CAPTURE in this sentence: Information theory generalises this idea via theorems that CAPTURE the effects of noise with mathematical precision.

Pass on=Which word is a synonym for CONVEYED in this sentence: In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, from dvds to satellite communications to bar codes - any area, in short, where data has to be CONVEYED rapidly yet accurately.

Space= Which word is a synonym for THE SOLAR SYSTEM in this sentence: The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of THE SOLAR SYSTEM on a one-way mission to the stars.

Give=Which word is a synonym for CONTRIBUTED in this sentence: Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous ('redundant') bits from data which CONTRIBUTED little real information.

Happen=Which word is a synonym for TOOK PLACE in this sentence: In April 2002 an event TOOK PLACE which demonstrated one of the many applications of information theory.

Remove=Which word is a synonym for STRIPPING in this sentence: Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by STRIPPING out superfluous ('redundant') bits from data which contributed little real information.

Show=Which word is a synonym for DEMONSTRATED in this sentence: In April 2002 an event took place which DEMONSTRATED one of the many applications of information theory.

Use=Which word is a synonym for APPLICATIONS in this sentence: In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the many APPLICATIONS of information theory.

Basic=Which word is a synonym for FUNDAMENTAL in this sentence: Information theory lies at the heart of everything - from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most FUNDAMENTAL.

Key=Which word is a synonym for MAJOR in this sentence: It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a MAJOR impact on our lives

Admired= Which word is a synonym for PRESTIGIOUS in this sentence: This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the PRESTIGIOUS Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939.