24/09/21:

Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới trong quyển sách Cambridge CAM 13 T4 R2. Các bạn hãy đọc kĩ và lưu vào sổ tay của mình kẻo quên các bạn nhé! Mình lọc được 31 từ: Có giải thích đi kèm một cách dễ nhớ dễ hiểu.

* * *

Partner= Which word is a synonym for ALLY in this sentence: Soil is also an ALLY against climate change: As microorganisms within soil digest dead animals and plants, they lock in their carbon content, holding three times the amount of carbon as does the entire atmosphere.

A small piece of land= Which word is a synonym for PLOTS in this sentence: When they applied Floris's mix to the desert-like test PLOTS, a good crop of plants emerged that were not just healthy at the surface, but had roots strong enough to pierce dirt as hard as rock.

Preserve= Which word is a synonym for CONSERVE in this sentence: One difficulty here is defining what these areas should CONSERVE: Areas where the greatest soil diversity is present?

Decompose= Which word is a synonym for DECAY in this sentence: In the wild, when plants grow they remove nutrients from the soil, but then when the plants die and DECAY these nutrients are returned directly to the soil.

Unaffected by= Which word is a synonym for RESISTANT in this sentence: That means soils do not just grow our food, but are the source of nearly all our existing antibiotics, and could be our best hope in the fight against antibiotic-RESISTANT bacteria.

Support= Which word is a synonym for SUSTAINS in this sentence: Since soil grows 95% of our food, and SUSTAINS human life in other more surprising ways, that is a huge problem.

Demonstrate= Which word is a synonym for PRESENTING in this sentence: But this is only a first step. We need ways of PRESENTING the problem that bring it home to governments and the wider public, says Pamela Chasek at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, in Winnipeg, Canada.

Discharge= Which word is a synonym for RELEASE in this sentence: Chemical fertilisers can RELEASE polluting nitrous oxide into the atmosphere and excess is often washed away with the rain, releasing nitrogen into rivers.

Size= Which word is a synonym for SCALE in this sentence: To assess our options on a global SCALE we first need an accurate picture of what types of soil are out there, and the problems they face.

Habit= Which word is a synonym for PRACTICES in this sentence: But these PRACTICES became inconvenient as populations grew and agriculture had to be run on more commercial lines.

Integrate= Which word is a synonym for UNIFY in this sentence: For one thing, there is no agreed international system for classifying soil. In an attempt to UNIFY the different approaches, the UN has created the Global Soil Map project.

Arise= Which word is a synonym for EMERGED in this sentence: When they applied Floris's mix to the desert-like test plots, a good crop of plants EMERGED that were not just healthy at the surface, but had roots strong enough to pierce dirt as hard as rock.

Pass through= Which word is a synonym for PIERCE in this sentence: When they applied Floris's mix to the desert-like test plots, a good crop of plants emerged that were not just healthy at the surface, but had roots strong enough to PIERCE dirt as hard as rock.

Unharmed= Which word is a synonym for UNSPOILT in this sentence: Or areas of UNSPOILT soils that could act as a future benchmark of quality?

Consume= Which word is a synonym for DIGEST in this sentence: Soil is also an ally against climate change: As microorganisms within soil DIGEST dead animals and plants, they lock in their carbon content, holding three times the amount of carbon as does the entire atmosphere.

Thrive= Which word is a synonym for FLOURISHED in this sentence: He came to realise that the best way to ensure his trees FLOURISHED was to take care of the soil, and has developed a cocktail of beneficial bacteria, fungi and humus to do this.

Get better= Which word is a synonym for RECOVER in this sentence: And once this has happened, it may take the soil thousands of years to RECOVER.

Take out= Which word is a synonym for REMOVE in this sentence: In the wild, when plants grow they REMOVE nutrients from the soil, but then when the plants die and decay these nutrients are returned directly to the soil.

Artificial= Which word is a synonym for SYNTHETIC in this sentence: Farmers have been putting this SYNTHETIC fertiliser on their fields ever since.

Instant= Which word is a synonym for IMMEDIATE in this sentence: Several researchers are agitating for the IMMEDIATE creation of protected zones for endangered soils.

Determine= Which word is a synonym for DEFINING in this sentence: One difficulty here is DEFINING what these areas should conserve: Areas where the greatest soil diversity is present? Or areas of unspoilt soils that could act as a future benchmark of quality?

Evaluation= Which word is a synonym for MEASUREMENTS in this sentence: Researchers from nine countries are working together to create a map linked to a database that can be fed MEASUREMENTS from field surveys, drone surveys, satellite imagery, lab analyses and so on to provide real-time data on the state of the soil.

Standard= Which word is a synonym for BENCHMARK in this sentence: Or areas of unspoilt soils that could act as a future BENCHMARK of quality?

Suggest= Which word is a synonym for PROPOSED in this sentence: Chasek and her colleagues have PROPOSED a goal of 'zero net land degradation

Fruitful= Which word is a synonym for FERTILE in this sentence: Humans tend not to return unused parts of harvested crops directly to the soil to enrich it, meaning that the soil gradually becomes less FERTILE.

Reachable= Which word is a synonym for ACCESSIBLE in this sentence: Within the next four years, they aim to have mapped soils worldwide to a depth of 100 metres, with the results freely ACCESSIBLE to all.

Condition= Which word is a synonym for STATE in this sentence: Researchers from nine countries are working together to create a map linked to a database that can be fed measurements from field surveys, drone surveys, satellite imagery, lab analyses and so on to provide real-time data on the STATE of the soil.

Form= Which word is a synonym for SHAPE in this sentence: Like the idea of carbon neutrality, it is an easily understood target that can help SHAPE expectations and encourage action.

Upgrade= Which word is a synonym for ENRICH in this sentence: Humans tend not to return unused parts of harvested crops directly to the soil to ENRICH it, meaning that the soil gradually becomes less fertile.

Cultivate= Which word is a synonym for NOURISH in this sentence: More recently, we have found that indiscriminate use of fertilizers hurts the soil itself, turning it acidic and salty, and degrading the soil they are supposed to NOURISH.

Be different= Which word is a synonym for VARYING in this sentence: In the past we developed strategies to get around the problem, such as regularly VARYING the types of crops grown, or leaving fields uncultivated for a season.

Categorize= Which word is a synonym for CLASSIFYING in this sentence: For one thing, there is no agreed international system for CLASSIFYING soil. In an attempt to unify the different approaches, the UN has created the Global Soil Map project.

Treasured= Which word is a synonym for PRECIOUS in this sentence: Is there hope for our planet's most PRECIOUS resource?

Judge= Which word is a synonym for ASSESS in this sentence: To ASSESS our options on a global scale we first need an accurate picture of what types of soil are out there, and the problems they face.

Variety= Which word is a synonym for DIVERSITY in this sentence: One difficulty here is defining what these areas should conserve: Areas where the greatest soil DIVERSITY is present?

Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới trong quyển sách Cambridge 11 Test 3 Reading 2.

* * *

CAM 11 TEST 3 R2

Start= Which word is a synonym for LAUNCH in this sentence: The team theorizes that this attraction to other infant sounds could help LAUNCH the learning process that leads to speech.

Guess= Which word is a synonym for SPECULATING in this sentence: We are SPECULATING here but it might catch their attention because they recognize it as a sound they could possibly make.

Basic= Which word is a synonym for FUNDAMENTAL in this sentence: Dads didn't raise their pitch or FUNDAMENTAL frequency when they talked to kids.

Realize= Which word is a synonym for RECOGNIZE in this sentence: We are speculating here but it might catch their attention because they RECOGNIZE it as a sound they could possibly make.

Indication= Which word is a synonym for CUES in this sentence: This way, only the impact of the auditory CUES was observed.

First language= Which word is a synonym for NATIVE TONGUE in this sentence: Some research even suggests that infants are listening to adult speech as early as 10 weeks before being born, gathering the basic building blocks of their family's NATIVE TONGUE.

Hypothesize= Which word is a synonym for THEORIZES in this sentence: The team THEORIZES that this attraction to other infant sounds could help launch the learning process that leads to speech.

Involve in-= Which word is a synonym for ENGAGED IN in this sentence: Finding activation in motor areas of the brain when infants are simply listening is significant, because it means the baby brain is ENGAGED IN trying to talk back right from the start, and suggests that seven-month-olds' brains are already trying to figure out how to make the right movements that will produce words, ' says co-author Patricia Kuhl.

Improvement= Which word

Is a synonym for BOOST in this sentence: How baby talk gives infant brains a BOOST?

Common= Which word is a synonym for UNIVERSAL in this sentence: Researchers from McGill University and Université du Quebec à Montréal found that babies seem to like listening to each other rather than to adults – which may be why baby talk is such a UNIVERSAL tool among parents.

Important= Which word is a synonym for SIGNIFICANT in this sentence: Finding activation in motor areas of the brain when infants are simply listening is SIGNIFICANT, because it means the baby brain is engaged in trying to talk back right from the start, and suggests that seven-month-olds' brains are already trying to figure out how to make the right movements that will produce words, ' says co-author Patricia Kuhl.

Theory= Which word is a synonym for HYPOTHESIS in this sentence: Their role may be rooted in what is called the bridge HYPOTHESIS, which dates back to 1975.

Motivate= Which word is a synonym for PROMPTING in this sentence: Most babies start developing their hearing while still in the womb, PROMPTING some hopeful parents to play classical music to their pregnant bellies.

Communicate= Which word is a synonym for INTERACT WITH SMB in this sentence: Mark Van Dam of Washington State University at Spokane and colleagues equipped parents with recording devices and speech-recognition software to study the way they INTERACTED WITH THEIR YOUNGSTERS during a normal day.

Assess= Which word is a synonym for MEASURED in this sentence: The team then MEASURED how long each type of sound held the infants' attention.

Cause= Which word is a synonym for INDUCED in this sentence: The baby noises also INDUCED more reactions in the listening infants, like smiling or lip moving, which approximates sound making.

Discover= Which word is a synonym for UNCOVERED in this sentence: The study may have also UNCOVERED a process by which babies recognize differences between their native language and other tongues.

Imitate= Which word is a synonym for MIMICKED in this sentence: They played repeating vowel sounds made by a special synthesizing device that MIMICKED sounds made by either an adult woman or another baby.

Record= Which word is a synonym for CAPTURED in this sentence: Scientists from the University of Washington and the University of Connecticut collected thousands of 30-second conversations between parents and their babies, fitting 26 children with audio-recording vests that CAPTURED language and sound during a typical eight-hour day.

Be important= Which word is a synonym for MATTERS in this sentence: 'We also found that it really MATTERS whether you use baby talk in a one-on-one context, ' she adds.

Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách Cambridge 11 TEST 3 R1.

* * *

CAM 11 TEST 3 R1

Loosen= Which word is a synonym for unravel in this sentence: It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.

Domination= Which word is a synonym for monopoly in this sentence: The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly.

Wonderful= Which word is a synonym for magnificent in this sentence: . Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process.

Invent= Which word is a synonym for devise in this sentence: She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric.

Unusual= Which word is a synonym for exotic in this sentence: Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East.

Overpower= Which word is a synonym for conquer in this sentence: . Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process.

Overpower

Growing= Which word is a synonym for cultivation in this sentence: While it is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known that silk cultivation has existed in China for several millennia.

Roll= Which word is a synonym for wind in this sentence: Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees.

Goods= Which word is a synonym for merchandise in this sentence: From there, the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Sea.

Material= Which word is a synonym for fabric in this sentence: The history of the world's most luxurious fabric, from ancient China to the present day

Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons - soft protective shells - that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae).

Downy= Which word is a synonym for smooth in this sentence: The history of the world's most luxurious fabric, from ancient China to the present day

Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons - soft protective shells - that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae).

Product= Which word is a synonym for commodity in this sentence: It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold.

Hide= Which word is a synonym for conceal in this sentence: According to another legend, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggle silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes.

Unrefined= Which word is a synonym for raw in this sentence: The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry.

Artificial= Which word is a synonym for manmade in this sentence: Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products, such as stockings and parachutes.

Treasured= Which word is a synonym for prized in this sentence: Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency.

Monarch= Which word is a synonym for emperor in this sentence: Silk was also used as diplomatic gifts by the emperor.

Stop= Which word is a synonym for interrupt in this sentence: The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry.

Sign= Which word is a synonym for indication in this sentence: The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168 AD.

Valuable= Which word is a synonym for precious in this sentence: It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold.

Money= Which word is a synonym for currency in this sentence: Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency.

Respected= Which word is a synonym for esteemed in this sentence: Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.

Myth= Which word is a synonym for Legend in this sentence: Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms.

Nurture= Which word is a synonym for rear in this sentence: Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees.

Tradesman= Which word is a synonym for merchant in this sentence: Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen.

Excellent= Which word is a synonym for fine in this sentence: The history of the world's most luxurious fabric, from ancient China to the present day

Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons - soft protective shells - that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae).

Ruin= Which word is a synonym for destruction in this sentence: One account of the story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband's gardens, she discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry trees.

Take over= Which word is a synonym for capture in this sentence: . Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process.

Expensive= Which word is a synonym for luxurious in this sentence: The history of the world's most luxurious fabric, from ancient China to the present day

Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons - soft protective shells - that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae).

Fame= Which word is a synonym for reputation in this sentence: Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.

Convince= Which word is a synonym for persuade in this sentence: Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees.

Profitable= Which word is a synonym for lucrative in this sentence: Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách Cambridge 11 test 1 reading 3.

* * *

CAM 11 TEST 1 R3

Lose= Which word is a synonym for shed in this sentence:

Whereas the regions native evergreen pines shade the snow an absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow.

Exceed= Which word is a synonym for overshoot in this sentence:

A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can "overshoot Y says Dr Dan Hunt, from the University of Bristol's School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate.

Refill= Which word is a synonym for replenish in this sentence:

The reasoning is that if you replenish the ice sheets and frozen waters of the high latitudes, more light will be reflected back into space, so reducing the warming of the oceans and atmosphere.

Belief= Which word is a synonym for faith in this sentence:

The main reason why geo-engineering is supported by many in the scientific community is that most researchers have little faith in the ability of politicians to agree - and then bring in - the necessary carbon cuts.

Effect= Which word is a synonym for impacts in this sentence:

A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can" overshoot Y says Dr Dan Hunt, from the University of Bristol's School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate.

Preservation= Which word is a synonym for conservation in this sentence:

Even leading conservation organisations see the value of investigating the potential of geo-engineering.

Tight= Which word is a synonym for high-tension in this sentence:

Scientists have also scrutinised whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

Get rid of= Which word is a synonym for disperse in this sentence:

For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, aircraft having deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse clouds.

Small= Which word is a synonym for minute in this sentence:

His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit 1.5 million km above the Earth.

Noticeable= Which word is a synonym for eye-catching in this sentence:

The most eye-catching idea of all is suggested by Professor Roger Angel of the University of Arizona.

Insert= Which word is a synonym for inject in this sentence:

The US National Center for Atmospheric Research has already suggested that the proposal to inject sulphur into the atmosphere might affect rainfall patterns across the tropics and the Southern Ocean.

Strengthen= Which word is a synonym for reinforce in this sentence:

Scientists have also scrutinised whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

Promote= Which word is a synonym for stimulate in this sentence:

The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out - which include planting forests in deserts and depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae - have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth.

Planed= Which word is a synonym for intentional in this sentence:

Consequently, an increasing number of scientists are beginning to explore the alternative of geo-engineering - a term which generally refers to the intentional large-scale manipulation of the environment.

Clear= Which word is a synonym for transparent in this sentence:

His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit 1.5 million km above the Earth.

Suggest= Which word is a synonym for propose in this sentence:

The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists.

Everlasting= Which word is a synonym for permanent in this sentence:

Angel says that his plan is 'no substitute for developing renewable energy: The only permanent solution'.

Put down= Which word is a synonym for deposit in this sentence:

For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, aircraft having deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse clouds.

Apply= Which word is a synonym for implement in this sentence:

But will such schemes ever be implemented ?

Discharge= Which word is a synonym for emissions in this sentence:

They believe that the best we can do is keep it at a reasonable level, and at present the only serious option for doing this is cutting back on our carbon emissions.

Protect= Which word is a synonym for preserve in this sentence:

Scientists have also scrutinised whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

Use= Which word is a synonym for employ in this sentence:

His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit 1.5 million km above the Earth.

Similar= Which word is a synonym for equivalent in this sentence:

According to its proponents, geo-engineering is the equivalent of a backup generator: If Plan A - reducing our dependency on fossil fuels - fails, we require a Plan B, employing grand schemes to slow down or reverse the process of global warming.

Stop= Which word is a synonym for stem in this sentence:

But while a few countries are making major strides in this regard, the majority are having great difficulty even stemming the rate of increase, let alone reversing it.

Rainfall= Which word is a synonym for precipitation in this sentence:

"But all the models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation."

Development= Which word is a synonym for stride in this sentence:

But while a few countries are making major strides in this regard, the majority are having great difficulty even stemming the rate of increase, let alone reversing it.

Capacity= Which word is a synonym for volume in this sentence:

Such is our dependence on fossil fuels, and such is the volume of carbon dioxide already released into the atmosphere, that many experts agree that significant global warming is now inevitable.

Acceptable= Which word is a synonym for reasonable in this sentence:

They believe that the best we can do is keep it at a reasonable level, and at present the only serious option for doing this is cutting back on our carbon emissions.

Alternate= Which word is a synonym for substitute in this sentence:

Angel says that his plan is 'no substitute for developing renewable energy: The only permanent solution'.

Bang= Which word is a synonym for explosion in this sentence:

The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, which led to a short-term cooling of global temperatures by 0.5 °C.

Defend= Which word is a synonym for guard in this sentence:

And Dr Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally guarded about the role of geo-engineering: 'I think all of us agree that if we were to end geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered condition very rapidly, and probably within ten to twenty years.

Eliminate= Which word is a synonym for exclude in this sentence:

According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climate change advisor for the World Wildlife Fund's International Arctic Programme, 'Human-induced climate change has brought humanity to a position where we shouldn't exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic and its possibilities.'

Examine= Which word is a synonym for scrutinise in this sentence:

Scientists have also scrutinised whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

Careful= Which word is a synonym for cautious in this sentence:

Generally speaking, those who are most cautious about geo-engineering are the scientists involved in the research.

Unavoidable= Which word is a synonym for inevitable in this sentence:

Such is our dependence on fossil fuels, and such is the volume of carbon dioxide already released into the atmosphere, that many experts agree that significant global warming is now inevitable.

Spreading= Which word is a synonym for distribution in this sentence:

"But all the models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation."

Advocate= Which word is a synonym for proponent in this sentence:

According to its proponents, geo-engineering is the equivalent of a backup generator: If Plan A - reducing our dependency on fossil fuels - fails, we require a Plan B, employing grand schemes to slow down or reverse the process of global warming.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM 11 TEST 1 R2.

* * *

CAM 11 TEST 1 R2

Raise= Which word is a synonym for elevate in this sentence: The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference between the two canals, owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD.

Resist= Which word is a synonym for withstand in this sentence: The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust, the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together.

Take apart= Which word is a synonym for dismantle in this sentence: This had been dismantled in 1933, thereby breaking the link.

Propose= Which word is a synonym for submit in this sentence: Numerous ideas were submitted for the project, including concepts ranging from rolling eggs to tilting tanks, from giant seesaws to overhead monorails.

Shut out= Which word is a synonym for SEAL in this sentence: Two hydraulic steelgates are raised, so as to SEAL the gondola off from thewater in the canal basin.

Completely= Which word is a synonym for diametrically in this sentence: Two diametrically opposed water-filled 'gondolas', each with a capacity of 360, 000 litres, are fitted between the ends of the arms.

Start= Which word is a synonym for launch in this sentence: When the project was launched in 1994, the British Waterways authority were keen to create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark which would not only be a fitting commemoration of the Millennium, but also a lasting symbol of the economic regeneration of the region.

Series= Which word is a synonym for sequence in this sentence: Historically, the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of 11 locks - enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised or lowered - that stepped down across a distance of 1.5 km.

Gather= Which word is a synonym for assemble in this sentence: The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled, like one giant toy building set, at Butterley Engineering's Steelworks in Derbyshire, some 400 km from Falkirk.

Vital= Which word is a synonym for central in this sentence: Opened in 2002, it is central to the ambitious £84.5m Millennium Link project to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth & Clyde and Union Canals.

Rebuild= Which word is a synonym for restore in this sentence: Opened in 2002, it is central to the ambitious £84.5m Millennium Link project to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth & Clyde and Union Canals.

Strong= Which word is a synonym for robust in this sentence: The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust, the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together.

Carefully= Which word is a synonym for painstakingly in this sentence: A team there carefully assembled the 1, 200 tonnes of steel, painstakingly fitting the pieces together to an accuracy of just 10 mm to ensure a perfect final fit.

Enormous= Which word is a synonym for immense in this sentence: The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust, the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM 11 TEST 1 R1.

* * *

CAM 11 TEST 1 R1

Greatest= Which word is a synonym for optimum in this sentence: For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions.

Above= Which word is a synonym for overhead in this sentence: This system is already in operation, and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above: It Is not certain, however, that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.

Ambition= Which word is a synonym for aspiration in this sentence: Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.

Frequency= Which word is a synonym for incidence in this sentence: The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface.

Using= Which word is a synonym for employing in this sentence: Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies

Man-made= Which word is a synonym for artificial in this sentence: A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light.

Cover= Which word is a synonym for shelter in this sentence: This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year.

Edge= Which word is a synonym for interface in this sentence: The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface.

Display =Which word is a synonym for implemented in this sentence: If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.

Suggestion= Which word is a synonym for proposal in this sentence: One such proposal is for the 'Vertical Farm'

Modern= Which word is a synonym for cutting-edge in this sentence: Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies

Advocate= Which word is a synonym for proponents in this sentence: If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.

Negative= Which word is a synonym for drawback in this sentence: A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light.

Difference= Which word is a synonym for variation in this sentence: One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails.

Extremely= Which word is a synonym for drastically in this sentence: Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers

Damage= Which word is a synonym for despoiled in this sentence: Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts.

Green= Which word is a synonym for verdant in this sentence: Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts.

Custom= Which word is a synonym for practices in this sentence: Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.

Probability= Which word is a synonym for likelihood in this sentence: Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.

Present= Which word is a synonym for current in this sentence: Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then.

Rains= Which word is a synonym for monsoons in this sentence: Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

Tackle= Which word is a synonym for address in this sentence: Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population.

City= Which word is a synonym for urban in this sentence: By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth's population will live in urban centres.

Trend= Which word is a synonym for vogue in this sentence: The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time.

Harmful= Which word is a synonym for detrimental in this sentence: At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy.

Develop= Which word is a synonym for scale up in this sentence: What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people.

Eradicate= Which word is a synonym for eliminating in this sentence: All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers.

Make sure= Which word is a synonym for ensure in this sentence: What can be done to ensure enough food for the world's population to live on?

Grow= Which word is a synonym for evolved in this sentence: Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities

Storm= Which word is a synonym for hurricanes in this sentence: Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

Remove= Which word is a synonym for eliminate in this sentence: All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers.

Eco-friendly= Which word is a synonym for sustainable in this sentence: If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM 9 TEST 4 Reading 3.

* * *

CAM 9 TEST 4 R3

Appear= Which word is a synonym for EMERGED in this sentence: In the US the trend EMERGED much earlier: Williamsburg has been a prototype for many heritage developments in other parts of the world.

Inhabit= Which word is a synonym for OCCUPIED in this sentence: In a town like Leyden in Holland, which in the seventeenth century was OCCUPIED by approximately the same number of inhabitants as today, people lived within the walled town, an area more than five times smaller than modern Leyden.

Vanish= Which word is a synonym for EVAPORATING in this sentence: In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually EVAPORATING.

Go through= Which word is a synonym for UNDERGOING in this sentence: Theme parks are UNDERGOING other changes, too, as they try to present more serious social and cultural issues, and move away from fantasy.

Organize= Which word is a synonym for OPERATING in this sentence: This development is a response to market forces and, although museums and heritage sites have a special, rather distinct, role to fulfill, they are also OPERATING in a very competitive environment, where visitors make choices on how and where to spend their free time.

Approve= Which word is a synonym for ADOPTED in this sentence: For example, museums have ADOPTED story lines for exhibitions, sites have accepted 'theming' as a relevant tool, and theme parks are moving towards more authenticity and research-based presentations.

Link= Which word is a synonym for CORRESPONDS TO PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS in this sentence: For example, Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museum with Malay facial features, because this CORRESPONDS TO PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS.

Opinion= Which word is a synonym for CONVICTION in this sentence: The CONVICTION that historical relics provide infallible testimony about the past is rooted in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when science was regarded as objective and value free.

Delicate= Which word is a synonym for FINE in this sentence: Yet in museums, FINE period rooms give only an image of the lifestyle of the upper class of that era.

Method= Which word is a synonym for APPROACH in this sentence: Good examples of this APPROACH in the UK are the Jorvik Centre in York; the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television in Bradford; and the Imperial War Museum in London.

Outdoor= Which word is a synonym for OPEN AIR in this sentence: In zoos, animals are no longer kept in cages, but in great spaces, either in the OPEN AIR or in enormous greenhouses, such as the jungle and desert environments in Burgers'Zoo in Holland.

Cause= Which word is a synonym for INDUCED in this sentence: This notion is INDUCED by the bias in its representation in museums and heritage centres.

Researcher= Which word is a synonym for SCHOLAR in this sentence: Museums used to look - and some still do - much like storage rooms of objects packed together in showcases: Good for SCHOLARs who wanted to study the subtle differences in design, but not for the ordinary visitor, to whom it all looked alike.

Buildings= Which word is a synonym for PREMISES in this sentence: The same applies to the furnishings and other contents of the PREMISES.

Difference= Which word is a synonym for DISTINCTION in this sentence: In a related development, the sharp DISTINCTION between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating.

Truth= Which word is a synonym for VERACITY in this sentence: As one writer observes: 'Although it is now evident that artefacts are as easily altered as chronicles, public faith in their VERACITY endures: A tangible relic seems ipso facto real.

Evidence= Which word is a synonym for TESTIMONY in this sentence: The conviction that historical relics provide infallible TESTIMONY about the past is rooted in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when science was regarded as objective and value free.

House= Which word is a synonym for DWELLINGS in this sentence: Castles, palaces and cathedrals have a longer lifespan than the DWELLINGS of ordinary people.

Consider= Which word is a synonym for REGARDED in this sentence: This particular trend is REGARDED as one of the major developments in the presentation of natural history in the twentieth century.

Correctness= Which word is a synonym for ACCURACY in this sentence: It could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more 'real', historical ACCURACY must be increasingly altered.

Opinion= Which word is a synonym for PERCEPTIONS in this sentence: For example, Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museum with Malay facial features, because this corresponds to public PERCEPTIONS.

Satisfy= Which word is a synonym for FULFILL in this sentence: This development is a response to market forces and, although museums and heritage sites have a special, rather distinct, role to FULFILL, they are also operating in a very competitive environment, where visitors make choices on how and where to spend their free time.

Trust= Which word is a synonym for FAITH in this sentence: As one writer observes: 'Although it is now evident that artefacts are as easily altered as chronicles, public FAITH in their veracity endures: A tangible relic seems ipso facto real.

Church= Which word is a synonym for CATHEDRALS in this sentence: Castles, palaces and CATHEDRALS have a longer lifespan than the dwellings of ordinary people.

Idea= Which word is a synonym for CONCEPTS in this sentence: They already borrow ideas and CONCEPTS from one another.

Explain= Which word is a synonym for INTERPRETING in this sentence: Those who are professionally engaged in the art of INTERPRETING history are thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of 'evidence' and 'attractiveness', especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for income-generating activities.

Change= Which word is a synonym for ALTER in this sentence: As one writer observes: 'Although it is now evident that artefacts are as easily ALTERed as chronicles, public faith in their veracity endures: A tangible relic seems ipso facto real.

Specialist= Which word is a synonym for EXPERTS in this sentence: Heritage and museum EXPERTS do not have to invent stories and recreate historical environments to attract their visitors: Their assets are already in place.

Period= Which word is a synonym for ERA in this sentence: Yet in museums, fine period rooms give only an image of the lifestyle of the upper class of that ERA.

Misunderstanding= Which word is a synonym for MISCONCEPTIONS in this sentence: There is one compensation, however, for the professionals who make these interpretations: If they did not provide the interpretation, visitors would do it for themselves, based on their own ideas, MISCONCEPTIONS and prejudices.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM 9 TEST 4 Reading 2.

* * *

CAM 9 TEST 4 R2

Dependent= Which word is a synonym for CONTINGENT in this sentence: Lewis and Brooks-Gunn argued that an important developmental milestone is reached when children become able to recognize themselves visually without the support of seeing CONTINGENT movement.

Appearance= Which word is a synonym for EMERGENCE in this sentence: The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual EMERGENCE of two somewhat separate features: The self as a subject, and the self as an object.

Rather= Which word is a synonym for SOMEWHAT in this sentence: The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two SOMEWHAT separate features: The self as a subject, and the self as an object.

Feature= Which word is a synonym for CHARACTERISTICS in this sentence: This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles (such as student, brother, colleague) and CHARACTERISTICS which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people (such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability).

Discussion= Which word is a synonym for DEBATE in this sentence: William James introduced the distinction in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing DEBATE.

Different= Which word is a synonym for DISTINCT in this sentence: However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants' developing understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are DISTINCT from other people.

Get= Which word is a synonym for GAIN in this sentence: This understanding that children GAIN of themselves as active agents continues to develop in their attempts to co-operate with others in play.

Say= Which word is a synonym for EXPRESS in this sentence: Empirical investigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however, rather scarce because of difficulties of communication: Even if young infants can reflect on their experience, they certainly cannot EXPRESS this aspect of the self directly.

Important= Which word is a synonym for NOTABLE in this sentence: Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of 'self' and of 'ownership' is a NOTABLE feature of childhood in Western societies.

Different= Which word is a synonym for SEPARATE in this sentence: The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat SEPARATE features: The self as a subject, and the self as an object.

Arise= Which word is a synonym for EMERGE in this sentence: These features gradually EMERGE as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers.

Signal= Which word is a synonym for CUES in this sentence: On the other hand, they found that children of 15 to 18 months are generally not able to recognize themselves unless other CUES such as movement are present.

Anger= Which word is a synonym for RAGE in this sentence: Finally, perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of RAGE which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age.

Many= Which word is a synonym for VARIOUS in this sentence: This is an aspect of the self that he labelled 'self-as-subject', and he gave it VARIOUS elements.

Idea= Which word is a synonym for THEORY in this sentence: Ever since then psychologists have continued building on the THEORY.

Happen= Which word is a synonym for OCCURS in this sentence: This recognition OCCURS around their second birthday.

Mark= Which word is a synonym for LABELLED in this sentence: This is an aspect of the self that he LABELLED 'self-as-subject', and he gave it various elements.

Mainly= Which word is a synonym for PRIMARILY in this sentence: Cooley (1902) suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was PRIMARILY concerned with being able to exercise power.

Obtain= Which word is a synonym for ACQUIRED in this sentence: Once children have ACQUIRED a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in a whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as 'themselves'.

Grasp= Which word is a synonym for UNDERSTANDING in this sentence: According to James, a child's first step on the road to self-UNDERSTANDING can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists.

Part= Which word is a synonym for ELEMENTS in this sentence: This is an aspect of the self that he labelled 'self-as-subject', and he gave it various ELEMENTS.

Slow= Which word is a synonym for GRADUAL in this sentence: The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the GRADUAL emergence of two somewhat separate features: The self as a subject, and the self as an object.

Debate= Which word is a synonym for ARGUED in this sentence: Lewis and Brooks-Gunn ARGUED that an important developmental milestone is reached when children become able to recognize themselves visually without the support of seeing contingent movement.

Part= Which word is a synonym for ASPECT in this sentence: This is an ASPECT of the self that he labelled 'self-as-subject', and he gave it various elements.

Relationship= Which word is a synonym for CONNECTION in this sentence: Cooley and other researchers suggested a close CONNECTION between a person's own understanding of their identity and other people's understanding of it.

Visual= Which word is a synonym for GRAPHIC in this sentence: Finally, perhaps the most GRAPHIC expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age.

Develop= Which word is a synonym for BUILD UP in this sentence: Cooley believed that people BUILD UP their sense of identity from the reactions of others to them, and from the view they believe others have of them.

Difference= Which word is a synonym for DISTINCTION in this sentence: William James introduced the DISTINCTION in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate.

Imitate= Which word is a synonym for MIMIC in this sentence: Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others MIMIC them.

Try= Which word is a synonym for ATTEMPTS in this sentence: He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant's ATTEMPTS to control physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM 9 TEST 4 R1

* * *

CAM 9 TEST 4 R1

Occurrence= Which word is a synonym for PHENOMENON in this sentence: Following Henri Becquerel's discovery in 1896 of a new PHENOMENON, which Marie later called 'radioactivity', Marie Curie decided to find out if the radioactivity discovered in uranium was to be found in other elements.

Segregation= Which word is a synonym for ISOLATION in this sentence: In 1911 she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the ISOLATION of a pure form of radium.

Medicine= Which word is a synonym for TREATMENT in this sentence: During World War I, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter Irène, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known as 'Little Curies', used for the TREATMENT of wounded soldiers.

Unmixed= Which word is a synonym for PURE in this sentence: Turning her attention to minerals, she found her interest drawn to pitchblende, a mineral whose radioactivity, superior to that of PURE uranium, could be explained only by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity.

Solve= Which word is a synonym for RESOLVE in this sentence: Pierre Curie joined her in the work that she had undertaken to RESOLVE this problem, and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and radium.

Significant= Which word is a synonym for DECISIVE in this sentence: The existence in Paris at the Radium Institute of a stock of 1.5 grams of radium made a DECISIVE contribution to the success of the experiments undertaken in the years around 1930.

Complete= Which word is a synonym for FULFILLED in this sentence: In 1891 this promise was FULFILLED and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the Sorbonne (the University of Paris).

Show= Which word is a synonym for DEMONSTRATED in this sentence: Her contribution to physics had been immense, not only in her own work, the importance of which had been DEMONSTRATED by her two Nobel Prizes, but because of her influence on subsequent generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.

Collaboration= Which word is a synonym for PARTNERSHIP in this sentence: Their marriage in 1895 marked the start of a PARTNERSHIP that was soon to achieve results of world significance.

Excellent= Which word is a synonym for OUTSTANDING in this sentence: One of Marie Curie's OUTSTANDING achievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply for research.

Extraordinary= Which word is a synonym for REMARKABLE in this sentence: From childhood, Marie was REMARKABLE for her prodigious memory, and at the age of 16 won a gold medal on completion of her secondary education.

Exam= Which word is a synonym for EXAMINATION in this sentence: She came first in the EXAMINATION in the physical sciences in 1893, and in 1894 was placed second in the EXAMINATION in mathematical sciences.

Mainly= Which word is a synonym for CHIEFLY in this sentence: While Pierre Curie devoted himself CHIEFLY to the physical study of the new radiations, Marie Curie struggled to obtain pure radium in the metallic state.

Perhaps= Which word is a synonym for PROBABLY in this sentence: Marie Curie is PROBABLY the most famous woman scientist who has ever lived.

Enormous= Which word is a synonym for IMMENSE in this sentence: Her contribution to physics had been IMMENSE, not only in her own work, the importance of which had been demonstrated by her two Nobel Prizes, but because of her influence on subsequent generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.

Choose= Which word is a synonym for APPOINTED in this sentence: She was APPOINTED lecturer in physics at the École Normale Supérieure for girls in Sèvres, France (1900), and introduced a method of teaching based on experimental demonstrations.

Collect= Which word is a synonym for ACCUMULATE in this sentence: One of Marie Curie's outstanding achievements was to have understood the need to ACCUMULATE intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply for research.

Successful= Which word is a synonym for TRIUMPHANT in this sentence: In 1921, accompanied by her two daughters, Marie Curie made a TRIUMPHANT journey to the United States to raise funds for research on radium.

Plentiful= Which word is a synonym for ABUNDANT in this sentence: One of Marie Curie's outstanding achievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an ABUNDANT supply for research.

Injured= Which word is a synonym for WOUNDED in this sentence: During World War I, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter Irène, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known as 'Little Curies', used for the treatment of WOUNDED soldiers.

Realize= Which word is a synonym for FIND OUT in this sentence: Following Henri Becquerel's discovery in 1896 of a new phenomenon, which Marie later called 'radioactivity', Marie Curie decided to FIND OUT if the radioactivity discovered in uranium was to be found in other elements.

Work= Which word is a synonym for OPERATE in this sentence: In 1918 the Radium Institute, whose staff Irène had joined, began to OPERATE in earnest, and became a centre for nuclear physics and chemistry.

Gain= Which word is a synonym for OBTAIN in this sentence: While Pierre Curie devoted himself chiefly to the physical study of the new radiations, Marie Curie struggled to OBTAIN pure radium in the metallic state.

Salary= Which word is a synonym for EARNINGS in this sentence: From her EARNINGS she was able to finance her sister Bronia's medical studies in Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.

Man-made= Which word is a synonym for ARTIFICIAL in this sentence: This work prepared the way for the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick and, above all, for the discovery in 1934 by Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie of ARTIFICIAL radioactivity.

Free= Which word is a synonym for VACANT in this sentence: On May 13, 1906, she was appointed to the professorship that had been left VACANT on her husband's death, becoming the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne.

Fund= Which word is a synonym for FINANCE in this sentence: From her earnings she was able to FINANCE her sister Bronia's medical studies in Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.

Only= Which word is a synonym for SOLE in this sentence: With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then SOLE winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

Extraordinary= Which word is a synonym for PRODIGIOUS in this sentence: From childhood, Marie was remarkable for her PRODIGIOUS memory, and at the age of 16 won a gold medal on completion of her secondary education.

Material= Which word is a synonym for SUBSTANCE in this sentence: Turning her attention to minerals, she found her interest drawn to pitchblende, a mineral whose radioactivity, superior to that of pure uranium, could be explained only by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown SUBSTANCE of very high activity.

Following= Which word is a synonym for SUBSEQUENT in this sentence: Her contribution to physics had been immense, not only in her own work, the importance of which had been demonstrated by her two Nobel Prizes, but because of her influence on SUBSEQUENT generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.

Stop= Which word is a synonym for INTERRUPT in this sentence: The births of Marie's two daughters, Irène and Eve, in 1897 and 1904 failed to INTERRUPT her scientific work.

Moveable= Which word is a synonym for MOBILE in this sentence: During World War I, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter Irène, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the MOBILE units which came to be known as 'Little Curies', used for the treatment of wounded soldiers.

Prize= Which word is a synonym for AWARDED in this sentence: With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was AWARDED the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

Go with= Which word is a synonym for ACCOMPANIED in this sentence: In 1921, ACCOMPANIED by her two daughters, Marie Curie made a triumphant journey to the United States to raise funds for research on radium.

24.09.21: Xin chào các bạn. Mình tên là Hồng Huyên. Các bạn có thể tìm mình ở youtube (honghuyen), fb (honghuyen). Hôm nay mình lại quay trở lại với nội dung chia sẻ từ mới. Các từ mới trong bộ sách huyền thoại Cambridge từ những bài đầu tiên. Các loại từ mới ở đây đã được dịch nghĩa rất sát để giúp các bạn học tập tốt hơn. Hãy nhớ lưu vào sổ tay của mình các bạn nhé. Sau đây, mình muốn chia sẻ với các bạn từ mới trong quyển sách CAM 9 TEST 3 Reading 3.

* * *

CAM 9 TEST 3 R3

Portray= Which word is a synonym for CAPTURED in this sentence: The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true or false - which can be CAPTURED in the binary unit, or 'bit', of the form 1 or 0.

Exclude= Which word is a synonym for LEAVE OUT in this sentence: As mobile phone text messages like 'I CN C U' show, it is often possible to LEAVE OUT a lot of data without losing much meaning.

Unharmed= Which word is a synonym for INTACT in this sentence: In the process he discovered something surprising: It is always possible to guarantee information will get through random interference - 'noise' - INTACT.

Praise= Which word is a synonym for ACCLAIM in this sentence: While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting ACCLAIM.

Dispatch= Which word is a synonym for LAUNCHED in this sentence: The space probe, Voyager I, LAUNCHED in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars.

Basic= Which word is a synonym for FUNDAMENTAL in this sentence: Information theory lies at the heart of everything - from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most FUNDAMENTAL.

Spacecraft= Which word is a synonym for PROBE in this sentence: Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realised that they had to do something or lose contact with their PROBE forever.

Vital= Which word is a synonym for CENTRAL in this sentence: It has been CENTRAL to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our lives

Surprising= Which word is a synonym for ASTONISHING in this sentence: But it also highlighted the ASTONISHING power of the techniques developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just a year earlier.

Idea= Which word is a synonym for CONCEPT in this sentence: He set out with an apparently simple aim: To pin down the precise meaning of the CONCEPT of 'information'.

Invent= Which word is a synonym for DEVISED in this sentence: Over the years scientists have DEVISED many such coding methods, and they have proved crucial in many technological feats.

Debate= Which word is a synonym for ARGUED in this sentence: The most basic form of information, Shannon ARGUED, is whether something is true or false - which can be captured in the binary unit, or 'bit', of the form 1 or 0.

Unbelievably= Which word is a synonym for INCREDIBLY in this sentence: Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, INCREDIBLY, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.

Device= Which word is a synonym for GADGETS in this sentence: Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for building GADGETS, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computer technology when still a student.

Influence= Which word is a synonym for IMPACT in this sentence: It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major IMPACT on our lives

Show= Which word is a synonym for DEMONSTRATED in this sentence: In April 2002 an event took place which DEMONSTRATED one of the many applications of information theory.

Sincere= Which word is a synonym for GENUINE in this sentence: Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with GENUINE information.

Allow= Which word is a synonym for ENABLES in this sentence: It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which ENABLES data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our lives

Superfluous= Which word is a synonym for REDUNDANT in this sentence: Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous ('REDUNDANT') bits from data which contributed little real information.

Assure= Which word is a synonym for GUARANTEE in this sentence: In the process he discovered something surprising: It is always possible to GUARANTEE information will get through random interference - 'noise' - intact.

Weak= Which word is a synonym for FAINT in this sentence: Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the FAINT call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.

Acquire= Which word is a synonym for CAPTURE in this sentence: Information theory generalises this idea via theorems that CAPTURE the effects of noise with mathematical precision.

Exact= Which word is a synonym for PRECISE in this sentence: He set out with an apparently simple aim: To pin down the PRECISE meaning of the concept of 'information'.

Unclear= Which word is a synonym for AMBIGUOUS in this sentence: As with error correction, however, there's a limit beyond which messages become too AMBIGUOUS.

Final= Which word is a synonym for ULTIMATE in this sentence: As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes - which come very close to Shannon's ULTIMATE limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.

Change= Which word is a synonym for REVOLUTION in this sentence: As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes - which come very close to Shannon's ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone REVOLUTION.

Hinder= Which word is a synonym for INTERFERE WITH in this sentence: Noise usually means unwanted sounds which INTERFERE WITH genuine information.

Order= Which word is a synonym for INSTRUCT in this sentence: The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to INSTRUCT it to use spares to change the failing parts.

Hamper= Which word is a synonym for INTERFERE WITH in this sentence: Noise usually means unwanted sounds which INTERFERE WITH genuine information.