Bài viết: 23 
5017
1,335
CHUYỂN ĐỔI THÌ HTHT SANG QKĐ
A. Lý thuyết cách chuyển từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn và ngược lại
Dạng này có các mẫu sau đây:
Dạng 1. HTHT - HTHT
This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta)
=> I have never seen him before. (tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây)
This is the first time I have eaten pizza
ð I have never eaten pizza before
Mẫu này có dạng:
Đây là lần đầu tiên.. làm chuyện đó
=>.. chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đó trước đây.
This is the first time + S + have/has + Vpt/ed + O: lần đầu tiên
ð S + have/ has + never + Vpt /ed + O before : Chưa bao giờ trước đây
Dạng 2. QKĐ - HTHT
Ex: I started / begun studying English 3 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học Tiếng Anh cách đây 3 năm)
=> I have studied English for 3 years. (tôi học Tiếng Anh được 3 năm)
Ex: He started playing this game 3 years ago.
=>He has played this game for 3 years
Mẫu này có dạng:
S + started / begun + Ving + O + time ago
ð S + have / has + Vpt / ed + O + for + khoảng thời gian
.. bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian
=>.. đã làm chuyện đó for + khoảng thời gian
Note: Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giữ nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since thôi
Ex: I started learnt English when I was 6 years old.
ð I have learnt English since I was 6 years old.
Dạng 3. QKĐ <=> HTHT
Ex: I last saw him when I was a student. (lần cuồi cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là sinh viên)
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student. (tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là sinh viên)
Ex: I last ate this cake when I was 4 years
ð I haven't eaten this cake since I was 4 years
Mẫu này có dạng:
S + last + Vqk/ed + O + When + clause
ð S + have / has + not + Vpt/ed + O + since + clause
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi..
=>.. không làm chuyện đó từ khi..
Last: Lần cuối
Since: Từ khi
Dạng 4 .
Ex: The last time she went out with him was two years ago. (lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm)
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years. (cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay)
The last time +S + Vqk/ed + O + was (time ago)
ð S + have / has + not + Vpt/ed + O + for time (khoảng thời gian)
Dạng 5 . It's ten years since I last met him. (đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối)
=> I haven't met him for ten years. (tôi đã không gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi)
Mẫu này có dạng:
It's + khoảng thời gian + since + S + last + Vqk/ed + O
ð S + have / has + not + Vpt/ed + O + for + khoảng thời gian.
Đã.. khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối
=>.. không làm việc đó được + khoảng thời gian
Dạng 6 .
Ex: When did you buy it? (bạn đã mua nó khi nào)
=> How long have you bought? (bạn đã mua nó được bao lâu)
Mẫu này có dạng:
When + did + S + V nguyên thể + O?
ð How long + have / has + S + Vpt/ed + O?
When: Thì dùng quá khứ đơn
How long: Thì dùng hiện tại hoàn thành
B. Bài tập chuyển đổi thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn có đáp án
I. Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) This is the first time he went abroad.
=> He hasn't..
2) She started driving 1 month ago.
=> She has..
3) We began eating when it started to rain.
=> We have..
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven't..
5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
=> She hasn't..
6) It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven't..
7) When did you have it?
=> How long?
8) This is the first time I have had such a delicious meal.
=> I haven't.. had such a delicious meal..
9) I haven't seen him for 8 days.
=> The last..
10) I haven't taken a bath since Monday.
=> It is..
11) Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997
Samuel has ___________________________________
12) We started learning English five years ago.
We have ___________________________________
13) I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was 8.
I have ___________________________________
14) She has taught the children in this remote village for five months
She started ___________________________________
15) He has written to me since April.
The last time __________________________________
16) She hasn't had a swim for five years
She last __________________________________
17) They last talked to each other two months ago
They haven't __________________________________
18) The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999
She hasn't __________________________________
19) She hasn't written to me for years
It's years __________________________________
20) Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years.
It's ten years __________________________________
Đáp án
1. He has never gone abroad before.
2. She has driven for 1 month.
3. We have eaten since it started raining.
4. I haven't cut my hair since I left her.
5. She has kissed me for 5 months.
6. We haven't met (each other) for a long time.
7. How long have you had it?
8. I have never eaten such a delicious meal before.
9. The last time I saw him was 8 days.
10. It is.. days since I last took a bath.
11. Samuel has kept a diary since 1997.
12. We have learned English for five years
13. I have lived in Ho Chi Minh City since I was 8.
14. She started to teach the children in this remote village five months ago.
15. The last time he wrote to me was in April.
16. She last swam was five years ago
17. They haven't talked to each other for two months.
18. She hasn't seen her elder sister since 1999
19. It's years since she wrote to me.
20. It's ten years since Robert and Catherine were married.
2. She has driven for 1 month.
3. We have eaten since it started raining.
4. I haven't cut my hair since I left her.
5. She has kissed me for 5 months.
6. We haven't met (each other) for a long time.
7. How long have you had it?
8. I have never eaten such a delicious meal before.
9. The last time I saw him was 8 days.
10. It is.. days since I last took a bath.
11. Samuel has kept a diary since 1997.
12. We have learned English for five years
13. I have lived in Ho Chi Minh City since I was 8.
14. She started to teach the children in this remote village five months ago.
15. The last time he wrote to me was in April.
16. She last swam was five years ago
17. They haven't talked to each other for two months.
18. She hasn't seen her elder sister since 1999
19. It's years since she wrote to me.
20. It's ten years since Robert and Catherine were married.
II. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn
1) The police.. two people early this morning. (to arrest)
2) She.. to Japan but now she.. back. (to go - to come)
3) Dan.. two tablets this year. (already/to buy)
4) How many games.. so far this season? (your team/to win)
5).. the CN Tower when you.. in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)
6).. your homework yet? – Yes, I.. it an hour ago. (you/to do - to finish)
7) There.. an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school. (to be)
8) I.. Peter since I.. last Tuesday. (not/to see - to arrive)
9) Frank.. his bike last May. So he.. it for 4 months. (to get - to have)
10) I'm sorry, I.. earlier, but I.. a lot lately. (not/to write - to work)
Đáp án
1 - arrested
2 - went - has come
3 - has already bought
4 - has your team won
5 - Did - visit
6 - have you done – finished
7 - has been
8 - haven't.. met - arrived
9 - got - has had
10 - haven't written - have worked
2 - went - has come
3 - has already bought
4 - has your team won
5 - Did - visit
6 - have you done – finished
7 - has been
8 - haven't.. met - arrived
9 - got - has had
10 - haven't written - have worked
III. Circle the mistake and then correct it
1. Frank has done (A) his homework and then listened (B) to music.
2. The children have put (A) away from their toys but they didn't make (B) their beds yet.
3. Jim learned (A) a lot since he started (B) the language course.
4. Helen has finished (A) her lunch and she went (B) out to play.
5. They haven't seen (A) each other since September when they have met (B) at Mary's party.
6. Peter has bought (A) a new MP3 player yesterday but I haven't seen (B) it yet.
7. The hockey player hit (A) his head on Friday and he was (B) in hospital since then.
Đáp án
1. A (did)
2. B (haven't made)
3. A (has learned)
4. A (finished)
5. B (met)
6. A (bought)
7. B (has been)
2. B (haven't made)
3. A (has learned)
4. A (finished)
5. B (met)
6. A (bought)
7. B (has been)
IV. Rewrite the sentences using the words given
1. Dorothy has just watered the flowers. (two minutes ago)
* * *
2. We didn't get ready for the party. (yet)
* * *
3. She has already done the washing up. (an hour ago)
* * *
4. Have you ever visited an orphanage? (last year)
* * *
5. Uncle Tom took me to school today. (already)
* * *
6. Haven't you put on your jacket yet? (in the morning)
* * *
7. Susan didn't spend her summer in Italy last year. (never)
* * *
8. The children didn't return from school. (yet)
* * *
Đáp án
1. Dorothy watered the flowers two minutes ago
2. We haven't get ready for the party yet
3. She finished washing up an hour ago
4. Did you visit an orphanage last year?
5. Uncle Tom has already taken me to the school
6. Didn't you put on your jacket in the morning?
7. Susan has never spent her summer in Italy
8. The children haven't returned from school yet.
2. We haven't get ready for the party yet
3. She finished washing up an hour ago
4. Did you visit an orphanage last year?
5. Uncle Tom has already taken me to the school
6. Didn't you put on your jacket in the morning?
7. Susan has never spent her summer in Italy
8. The children haven't returned from school yet.
V/ Put in the present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets.
1. Martin (be) ________ to Greek five times. He loves the place.
2. I (work) ________ for a computer company for a year. That was after college.
3. We (move) ________here in 1993. We (be) ________ here a long time now.
4. It isn't a very good party. Most people (already/ go) ________ home.
5. It was so hot today that I (wear) ________ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
6. My wife and I (move) ________ three times since we (get) married.
7. So far this week there (be) ________ three burglaries in our street.
8. When I was younger I (play) ________ badminton for my local team.
9. In the past few years, it (become) ________ more and more difficult to get into university.
10. I (enjoy) ________ skiing ever since I (live) ________ in Switzerland.
11. I (not see) ________ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ________ us since July.
Đáp án
1. Martin (be) ____has been____ to Greek five times. He loves the place.
2. I (work) ___worked_____ for a computer company for a year. That was after college.
3. We (move) ___moved_____here in 1993. We (be) ___have been_____ here a long time now.
4. It isn't a very good party. Most people (already/ go) ___have already gone_____ home.
5. It was so hot today that I (wear) ___wore_____ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
6. My wife and I (move) ____have moved____ three times since we (get) __got___married.
7. So far this week there (be) ____have been____ three burglaries in our street.
8. When I was younger I (play) ___played_____ badminton for my local team.
9. In the past few years, it (become) ___has become_____ more and more difficult to get into university.
10. I (enjoy) ___have enjoyed_____ skiing ever since I (live) ____lived____ in Switzerland.
11. I (not see) ___haven't seen_____ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ____hasn't visited____ us since July.
2. I (work) ___worked_____ for a computer company for a year. That was after college.
3. We (move) ___moved_____here in 1993. We (be) ___have been_____ here a long time now.
4. It isn't a very good party. Most people (already/ go) ___have already gone_____ home.
5. It was so hot today that I (wear) ___wore_____ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
6. My wife and I (move) ____have moved____ three times since we (get) __got___married.
7. So far this week there (be) ____have been____ three burglaries in our street.
8. When I was younger I (play) ___played_____ badminton for my local team.
9. In the past few years, it (become) ___has become_____ more and more difficult to get into university.
10. I (enjoy) ___have enjoyed_____ skiing ever since I (live) ____lived____ in Switzerland.
11. I (not see) ___haven't seen_____ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ____hasn't visited____ us since July.
VI/ Viết lại câu từ quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành không làm thay đổi nghĩa.
1/ The last time I cooked was 3 years ago.
- > _________________________________
2/ When did you buy that bag?
- > _________________________________
3/ I last saw him 2 days ago.
- > _________________________________
4/ I started writing a blog 2 months ago
- > _________________________________
5/ She began living in Danang when she was a child.
- > _________________________________
6/ It is 5 years since I last visit my grandparents.
- > _________________________________
7/ When did you start loving him?
- > _________________________________
8/ The last time I went to a bar was 6 years ago.
- > _________________________________
9/ It's years since she wrote to me.
- > _________________________________
10/ I last took a bath 2 days ago.
- > _________________________________
Đáp án
1 - I haven't cooked for 3 years
2 - How long have you bought that bag?
3 - I haven't seen him for 2 days.
4 - I have written a blog for 2 months.
5 - She has lived in Danang since she was a child.
6 - I haven't visited my grandparents for 5 years.
7 - How long have you loved him?
8 - I haven't gone to a bar for 6 years.
9 - She hasn't written to me for years.
10 - I haven't taken a bath for 2 days.
2 - How long have you bought that bag?
3 - I haven't seen him for 2 days.
4 - I have written a blog for 2 months.
5 - She has lived in Danang since she was a child.
6 - I haven't visited my grandparents for 5 years.
7 - How long have you loved him?
8 - I haven't gone to a bar for 6 years.
9 - She hasn't written to me for years.
10 - I haven't taken a bath for 2 days.
VII/ Bài tập chuyển đổi thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn
1/ How long have you been here?
- > ____________________________
2/ This is the first time I have seen such a beautiful girl.
- > _____________________________________
3/ I haven't gone to school for 4 months because of covid-19.
- > ___________________________________
- > _________________________________
- > _____________________________________
4/ I have never visited Halong Bay before.
- > __________________________________
5/ I haven't cheated in exams for years.
- > _______________________________________
- > _______________________________________
- > ________________________________________
6/ I have been married for 10 years.
- > _________________________________________
7/ How long have she lived in Danang?
- > ________________________________________
8/ He hasn't smoked for 2 years.
- > __________________________________________
- > ______________________________________
- > ______________________________________
9/ I have learnt French for 3 years.
- > ____________________________________
10/ I haven't met her for 5 days.
- > __________________________________
- > __________________________________
- > ___________________________________
Đáp án
[HIDETHANKS=1]1 -> When did you go here?
2 -> I have never seen such a beautiful girl before.
3 -> The last time I went to school was 4 months ago..
- > I last went to school 4 months ago.
- > It is 4 months since I last went to school
4 -> This is the first time I have visited Halong Bay.
5 -> It is years since I last cheated in the exam
- > The last time I cheated in the exam was years.
- > I last cheated in exam years ago.
6 -> I started marrying 10 years ago.
7 -> When did she start living in Da nang?
8 -> He last smoked 2 years ago.
- > The last time he smoked was 2 years ago.
- > It is 2 years since he last smoked.
9-> I began learning French 3 years ago.
10 -> I last met her 5 days ago.
- > It is 5 days since I last met her.
- > The last time I met her was 5 days ago.[/HIDETHANKS]
