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REVISION INTRODUCING BRITAIN

1. Britain=British=the UK: Tên thường gọi of the country includes: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland: Which are all British.

Great Britain: The largest Island of British includes: England, Scotland, and Wales.

The United Kingdom: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The British Isles: All the islands off the northwest coast of the European continent: Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man.

2. Monarchy (quân chủ) countries: Which have a Queen (Elizabeth II) and a King as head of the country.

3. Constitutional Monarchy (quân chỉ lập hiến) : Which has King or Queen who must be supported by Parliament.

4. Ireland: - Northern Ireland: Belong to the UK

- Southern Ireland: Republic of Ireland

5. The UK only has a land border with the Republic of Ireland.

6. Britain is a member of the EU and NATO.

7. F: The UK is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean.

8. Ben Nevis: The highest mountain in UK and Scot

9. Most famous lake in the UK: Loch nest in Scot

10. England: Largest country in the UK

Wales (Cymru) : Smallest

11. F: Wales is the East of England (West)

12. F: Industrial areas & major cities of Wales are in the North (South) and central of Wales.

13. Scotland (Alba) : North of G. Britain

14. King Henry VIII, united England and Wales under one Parliament in 1536.

1603: James VI of Scot became King James I of Eng.

The Parliaments of England, Wales, and Scotland were united a century later in 1707

15. Scot has been part of the UK since 1707

16. Scotland has a border with only Engl.

17. Scot is famous for Kilt (the kind of long dress worn by Scottish men.

18. Bagpipe: Traditional instrument in Scotland.

19. Patron Saint of N. Ireland: ST. Patrick.

20. Northern Ireland has 3 names: Northern Ireland, Ulster, Six countries.

21. The English: People from England

The British: People from England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.

22. King Henry VIII united England and Wales.

Government

23 The UK: A parliamentary democracy, based on universal suffrage.

24. A constitutional monarchy: Sovereign (Head of State, Head of Government)

25. The UK parliament (the legislature) makes primary legislation

26. As Monarchy, The Queen is head of the executive and plays an integral part in the legislature

27.2 Archbishop and 24 Bishop: Members of the House of Lord.

28. House of Common: 533MPs

29. Prime Minister of the UK: Theresa May (since 13/7/2016).

Tutorial: Teaching period for a small group of students.

30. in House of Lord: 2 archbishops and 24 bishops in all events.

Education

31. In the UK 94% of pupils receive free education, while 6 % attend independent fee-paying schools.

32. In England and Wales state schools are classified into 3 broad cate

- Community schools: Traditionally owned and funded by Local Education Authorities (LEAs)

LEAs are responsible for employing staff and admission arrangements in community and voluntarily controlled schools.

- Foundation schools: Include many of the former grant-maintained schools

- Voluntary schools

33. All state schools in Scotland are directly managed by local authorities.

34.2 levels of school:

- - Primary scl (5-11years old)

Infant school for 5-7 and junior schools for 7-11

Scotland: Public primary school normally leads to the transfer to secondary school at the age of 12.

Northern Ireland, primary school 4-11

- - Secondary school (11-16, 18)

England and Wales attended comprehensive chool.

Scottish state pupils attended non-selective scl

Northern Ireland: Grammar schools admitting pupils on the basis of 11 plus transfer test in English, mathematics and science.

35.16 years old: Fifth class

17 years old: Lower six

18 years old: Upper six

36. Trường công: State school, Maintained school

Trường tư: Public school, Independent school.

37. Independent schools: Are not funded by the state/ obtain fees paid by parents.

- Required to register with the appropriate government department

- Subject to inspection

- The Independent Schools Council (ISC)

- The Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI)

- Ofsted and the Department for Education and Skills (DfES)

38. University in Britain:

- The oldest and most famous are Oxford and Cambridge

- Much respected uni: London, Durham, and St Andrew's

- Redbrick uni: Birmingham and Manchester

39. At the age of 5: A British child has to go to school 11 to finish junior.

41.3 categories of State school in Engl and Wales: Community, Foundation, and Voluntary school.

42. Many voluntary schools are connected to particular religious

43. LEAs are responsible for owning and funding community schools.

44. Integrated schools are for both Catholic and Protestant children.

45. After GCSE à stay in school

À go to technical college

46. Go to a university that must have: At least 3 Alevel, 6 levels + pass an interview

47. Home schooling before 13 years old à after 13 years old go to Rep school.

*THI

48. T: Religious education is provided by all state schools in the UK.

49. F: Sex and relationship education is compulsory in Primary and Secondary school

50. T: There are 4 key stages of compulsory schooling.

51. F: The curriculum is the same for all schools in the UK.

52. F: Key stage 1 is for pupils from 5 to 11.

53. F: AS is equivalent (50%) to A level

54. Bachelor degree = Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of science

55.2 oldest universities are Oxford and Cambridge.

56. It takes 3 years to study for BA or BSc.

57. Academic year in Britain is divided into 2 terms.

58. Further education includes a course of study leading to A levels.

Religion

59. In the UK, people have freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.

Predominantly is Christian

60. Christians: Memberships Anglican Church, Catholic Church, the Church of Scotland, and Free Churches.

Anglicans: Church of England, the Church in Wales, the Scottish Episcopal Church, the Church of Ireland (Northern Ireland).

Communion 38 Anglican churches.

The Church of England: 2 geographical provinces: Archbishop and numerous dioceses.

The dioceses: Archdeaconries and deaneries.

Canterbury Cathedral from the southwest,

+ its houses the cathedra or throne of the Archibishop of Canterbury.

+ the mother Church of the Diocese of Canterbury and the Church of England

+ focus on the Anglican Communion

Catholics: 22 territorial Catholic dioceses in England and Wales

8 in Scotland

7 in Northern Ireland

The Church of Scotland: Is the largest Protestant church in Scotland and has the Presbyterian form of government-by church courts, composed of ministers, elders, and deacons.

Is started by John Knox and Andrew Melville in 1560, and officially accepted in 1690.

The Church in Wales: is the Welsh branch of the Church of England

Became the main Welsh Church in the 16 century

61. Royal family: Protestant.

62. Official religion: The Church of England.

63. Church of England is divided into 2 geographical provinces: Archbishop of York and Archbishop of Canterbury.

65. Parish: Giáo xứ - Vicar (cha xứ)

66. Diocese: Giáo phận – Bishop (giám mục)

67. Archbishop, Bishop, and cathedrals are appointed by the Queen on the advice of PM.

68. The Church in Wales has no connections with the British State.

69. Queen acquires Archbishop, Bishop.

70. The Church of Scotland is Protestant.

71. The Church of England is the official church or established church

72. The Presbyterian Church of Scotland is Kirk.

73. The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Monarch.

74. There are no established churches in Wales and Northern Ireland.

75. The established churches are not funded by the state.

76. Diocese: a district under the care of a Bishop.

77. Parish: an area having its own church and vicar.

78. Clergy: Vicar.

79. Congregation: A group of people who regularly attend a church.

80. Nuclear family: Consisting of Father, mother, and children.

81. Extended family: . Parents, children, relatives.

82. Single-parent family: either father or mother and his/her children.

83. Step family: Consisting of parents, and children from their previous/current marriage.

84. Childminder: A person whose job is to care for children while their parents are at work.

85. Daycare (nơi giữ trẻ) : A place where children are looked after in day time while..

86. Cohabit: Live with each other without marriage.

Food and drink

87. English has 6 meals: Breakfast, Brunch, Lunch, tea-time (3: 30 and 5: 00), dinner, and super.

88. Vegetarians: People who do not meat or fish.

89. Takeaway: Meal brought at a restaurant where food is taken to be eaten somewhere else.

90. Spirits: Strong alcoholic drinks like whisky.

91. Rough language is inexact language.

92. Do not need to offer the tip in bars.

93. Bedsit (Bedsitting room), a combined bedroom and sitting room share washing and cooking facilities.

94. Mortgage: Legal agreement buy with a bank lends you money to buy a house.

95. Estate agent: A person who buy and sell the house for others.

 

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Media

1. The national press: Consists of 11 morning daily papers and 11 Sunday papers

2. Most of people in the UK read National newspapers.

3. National newspapers are often described as broadsheet or tabloid papers

4. The Times is a national newspaper/ published daily in the UK.

TV and Radio

5. Five (non-satellite) TV channels in Britain: BBC1, BBC2, ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5

BBC1, and BBC2, the two-state channels, do not show adverts.

BBC1 and ITV tend to broadcast popular programs: Sports, recent films, news, game shows, children's programs and soaps.

BBC2 and Channel 4: TV plays, classical concerts, foreign films and programs for minority groups.

Channel 5: Game shows and second-rate American films

6. Battle of the soap: These are popular serials that dramatize their characters' daily lives.

Soaps are broadcast either 3-5 times, each episode lasts about half an hour.

Two most popular soaps: Coronation Street (1960) and Eastenders (1985)

7. Radio waves: The BBC broadcasts on 5 national and 39 local radio station

Radio 1: Rock music (most popular)

Radio 2: Popular music and light entertainment

Radio 3: Classical music

Radio 4: Current affairs, aild drama

Radio 5: Sport and current affairs

8, The BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation)

86. National Paper: A paper that is sold throughout the country.

9. Local paper: . Produced in one town.

10. Daily paper: . You can buy every morning.

11. Broadsheet (báo cỡ lớn) : A serious paper that reports world events.

12. Tabloid (báo cỡ nhỏ) : A paper containing sensational stories about the private lives of rich and famous people.

13. London's Fleet Street area was the center of the Press.

14. The UK has a long tradition of a free press.

Sport

15.4 home football teams of the UK are: England, Scotland, Wales, N. Ireland.

16.2 different types of competition: National and Europe competition.

17. Rugby league is played in the North of England.

18. The home of golf is Saint Andrew golf course in Scotland.

19. Ông già No-el: Father Christmas (England)

Santa clause (America)

20. New year's eve = Hogmanay: At Hog, there is first footing (people carry some food, money, a piece of coal for the fire.

21. Who is the Valentine: Lover, parents, people you like.

22. What is Valentine: What gift, card, chocolate, or flower you give to person you like of 15th, Feb.

23. Easte r comes between 22 March and 25 April.

The most important festival

Begin good Friday

24. The symbols of Easter: Easter eggs, Bunny (rabbit)

25. Lent: is the 40 days from Ash Wednesday (thứ 4 lễ tro) to the time before Good Friday (thứ 6 tuần thánh)

26. Ash Wednesday: The 1st day of Lent.

27. May day: 1st day of May, including dancing round the maypole and choosing a May Queen.

28. Morris dance: for Scottish men around the maypole to drive evil spirit away.

29. Guy Fawkes' Day: at night 5th, Nov, people make a dummy of Guy Fawkes from old clothes.

30. Meals in Christmas: Turkey, Christmas pudding or hot mince pipe.

Câu hỏi ôn tập phần 2

1. How many constituent the UK? Four. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

2. What is the currency in the UK? The Pound .

3. What is the name of the official London residence of Elizabeth II? Buckingham Palace.

4. What is the name of the river that flows through London? The Thames.

5. What is the name of the British national Anthem? God save the Queen.

6. When did William Shakespeare live? In the 16th and 17th centuries (1564-1616).

7. Which Monarch had the longest reign in British history? Queen Victoria: 64 years (1837-1901).

8. What is the British Flag commonly known as? The Union Jack.

9. Parliament (Quốc hội) is the legislature and supreme authority (nhà cầm quyền tối cao).

10. The executive consists of: The Government; government department and agencies; local authorities; public corporations; in dependent regulatory bodies; and certain other organizations subject to ministerial control.

11. The judiciary determines common law and interprets legislator.

12. The Quee n is the head of the executive and plays an integral part in the legislature.

13. UK Parliament has been maintained two party system of government: Conservative Party and Labor party.

14. Three parts of parliament: The elected of House of Commons, the appointed House of Lords and the Sovereign.

15. The main functions of Parliament are: To pass law; to provide (by voting for taxation) the means of carrying on the work of government; to scrutinize government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditure; and to debate the major issues of the day.

16. Benches to the right of the Speaker: Government and its supporter.

17. Benches to the left of the Speaker: Opposition and member of other parties.

18. Crossbencher to the Speaker: Peers do not wish to be associated with political party.

19. What do the Oppositions do? To contribute the formulation of policy and legislation by constructive criticism; oppose government proposals; tables amendments to Government Bills; put forward its own policies in order to improve its chance of winning the next General Election.

20. Chief Whips duties include: Keeping member informed of forthcoming parliamentary bussiness, maintaining the party's voting strength; passing on to the party leadership the opinions of backbench member.

21. A "three-line whip": When an item is underline three times, indicates that attendance is required and pairing is not normally allowed.

22. The House of Commons consists of 650 elected MPs of whom 529 represent constituent England, 40 in Wales, 72 in Scotland and 18 in Northern Ireland.

23. A by -election takes place when MP dies, resigns or is made a member the House of Lords.

24. The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker.

25. The House of Commons Commission is a statutory body chaired by the Speaker, is responsible for administration of the House.

26. The responsibility of the Clerk of the house is conduct of the business of the House and its Committees.

27. Who is responsible for security of the House of Commons? The Serjeant.

28. The House of Lords consists of: - Hereditary peers; Life peers; Archbishops of Canterbury and York; The bishops of London, Durham and Winchester, and the 21 next most senior bishops of the Church of England.

29. Members of the House of Lords do not receive a salary for their parliamentary work.

30. The speaker of the House of Lords is: Lord Chancellor.

31. The responsibilities of the Clerk of the Parliaments as Clerk of the House of Lords are: Record of proceedings of the House of Lords and for the text of Acts of the UK Parliament.

32. The Gentleman Usher of the Clack Red, known as "Black Red" is responsible for the Security, accommodation and services in the House of Lords' part of the Palace of Westminster.

33. The Queen is Head of State of 15 other realms and Head of the Commonwealth.

34. The power of the Queen: Open new parliamentary sessions; Summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament for a general election; give Royal assent to legislation ; Appoint and dismiss important officer holders (the Prime Minister and force, governors) ; Declare Wars and make Peace; Recognize foreign state and conclude treaties; Preside over meeting of the Privy Council; Appoint bishops and archbishops of the Church of England; Confer Peerages.

35. The Prime Minister is the head of the UK Government and is ultimately responsible for policy and decisions of Government.

As head of the UK Government the Prime Minister also oversee the operation of the cicil service and Government agencies, appoints members of the Cabinet, and is the principal Government figure in the House of Commons.

36. Which British King abdicated in order to marry an American divorce'e? The King Edward VIII (1936).

37. Who is the early woman to have served as British Prime Minister? Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990).

38. Who introduced the custom of drinking tea in England? In the 17th century (she was married to the English King Charles II - Caterina de Beaganca)

39. How long have Portugal and England had a Treaty of Alliance? Since 1373, The Treaty of Windsor.

40. How many times did King Henry VIII get married? Six. Two of them was beheaded.

41. What will you get if you ask for a "pint" in a pub? A glass of beer .

42. What is the name given to the association of over 50 independent countries, almost all of which are former colonies of the UK? The Commonwealth: 53 members.

43. Which sport originated in England and is currently popular mainly in the present and form members of the Commonwealth? Cricket.

44. What is the main theater district in London commonly known as? The West End.

45. What are the name of largest political parties in the UK? The Conservative and The Labour Parties.

46. Where are the Crown Jewels kept? In the Tower of London.

47. Where were the "Beatles" from? Liverpool.

48. When is Mother Day? The Sunday three weeks before Easter.

49. How often does the cabinet normally meet? Weekly .

50. What percentage of Christians in the UK are Roman Catholic? 10%.

51. What proportion of people in the UK own their own home? Two thirds.

52. What are the roles of the whips in the parliament ? Responsible for discipline in their party, and ensure attendance of MPs at voting time the House of Common.

53. What type of constitution does the UK have? An unwritten constitution.

54. During the 1980s, the largest immigrant groups to the UK came from which countries? United State, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand.

55. How might you stop young children people playing tricks in you at Halloween? Give them Sweets or chocolate.

56. How many members are there in the North Ireland Assembly? 108 members .

57. Who is the Monarch not allowed to marry? Anyone who is not a Protestant .

58. What is the purpose the Council of Europe ? To develop convention which focus on human rights, democracy, education, the environment, health and culture.

59. Type of Government? Constitutional monarchy.

60. England is surrounded by North Sea, English Channel, Irish Sea, Alantic Ocean.

61. British national Fascists is known as the Union lack.

62. The longest river in the UK is the River Severn (both Wales and England)

63. The longest river in England: River Thames.

64. The largest Lake in UK: Lough Neagh (Ireland) ; Windermere (England)

65. The deepest lake in the UK is Loch Morar.

66. British industry: Service industries (70%, many successful small companies in the UK)

67. Sir Tim Berners _ Lee investor of the World Wide Web.

68. Scotland has six cities.

69. The Scotland's capital is Edinburgh.

70. The Scotland's largest city is Glasgow.

71. The Scotland's national flower is? Thisle

72. Scotland has famous lake: Loch Ness.

73. Scotland is alsofamous for its clans, kilts, medieval castles.

74. Scotland has been part of the UK in 1707.

75. The judiciary determines common law and interprets legislation.

76. The UK is divided into 659 constituencies .

77. TheEngland's capital is? London.

78. The largest Lake in England is? Windermere.

79. The England's national flower is? The Tudor rose (red, white)

80. The capital and largest city in Wales is Cardiff.

81. Wales is on the western side ofGreat Britain .

82. The highest mountains in Wales are Snowdonia.

83. The national Game of Wales is Rugby.

84. The Northern Ireland's capital and largest city is Belfast.

85. The Northern Ireland's national flower is? - Shamrock.

86. The three categories of state schools in England and Wales are: Community schools; Foundation schools, Voluntary schools.

87. Many voluntary schools in England are connected to a particular religious faith.

88. LEAs (Local Education Authorities) responsible for employing staff and for admission arrangements in community and voluntary controlled schools.

89. State school in Scotland are managed by local authorities.

90. Controlled schools in Northern Ireland are managed by education and library boards.

91. Integrated schools are both for Catholic and Protestant children.

92. In England and Wales, all children must attend school at their birthday. Primary school age 5 to 7; junior school: 7 to 11;

93. Independent schools are not funded by the state and obtain most of their finances from fees paid by parents.

94. Britain is a tea-drinking nation .

95. Houses in Britain: Detached House, Semi-detached house, Terraced house, Cottages Bungalow.

96. The largest and most expensive type of house is a detached house, which is not joined to other houses and has a garden all round it. Detached houses have at least three bedrooms and one or more living rooms plus a separate dinning room and kitchen downstairs.

97. Semi -detached houses are built in pairs with one house joined to the other along one side. These house usually have two or three bedrooms. There is a separate garden at the front and the back for each house.

98. Terraced houses date from Victorian and Edwardian times (the late 19th and early 20th century) and were built mainly for working -class people. Four or more houses are joined together in a row. There is little or no front garden, so the front door of each houses open onto the pavement. Access to the back garden. They were originally quiet small. They had two bedrooms, a sitting room and a kitchen/ dinning room, an arrangement call "two up, two down". Most have now been extended and bathroom added, and in some towns, they have become fashionable with professional people.

 

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REVISION BRITISH CULTURE

1. What do you know about the UK? Distinguish England from Britain.

The United Kingdom is a sovereign state made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. This political entity formed slowly over time. In the 16th century, Wales, which had already been conquered by England, was fully incorporated into the Kingdom of England. In 1707, a treaty between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland was signed, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain (because now the whole island was one political entity). Then, in 1801, after a period of subjugation by England, the Kingdom of Ireland was formally incorporated to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in 1922, most of Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom, splitting the island into two: Ireland and Northern Ireland, the latter of which stayed part of the United Kingdom.

Great Britain is not a country; it's a landmass. It is known as 'Great' because it is the largest island in the British Isles, and houses the countries of England, Scotland and Wales on its shores. And the United Kingdom is four countries united together.

2. What is England/ Scotland/ Wakes/ Northern Ireland famous for?

a. England

- London is the capital of England and a large metropolitan area and a global capital of finance, fashion and culture. Big Ben is a symbol of England, the check-in point is definitely not to be missed by all tourists from all over the world when arriving in the UK. In addition, the River Thames is a river in the south of England, it is the most important river in the UK and is the main source of water for London. Birmingham is the UK's second-largest city located in the center of industry and tourist attractions. It is considered the UK's "second city", it is a center of culture, sport, entertainment and entertainment. Entertainment, shopping and communication. Bristol is the largest city in Southern England (after London), with a vibrant music scene, lovely historic buildings and a fascinating waterfront. Brighton is a Victorian seaside resort that has become one of Europe's main nightlife destinations. Liverpool is a famous maritime city and home to The Beatles Band. Manchester is considered by many to be England's second city, a center of culture, sport, entertainment, shopping and media.

B. Wales

Wales is part of Great Britain, so its official flag is Union Jack. However, the national flag is charming, cool, and historic. The Welsh flag has an interesting history. Cardiff is the city and capital of Wales. It is the main commercial center, the seat of most national sports and cultural bodies, and the seat of the Welsh Parliament. Nestled on the south Wales coast, Cardiff has a dramatic bay and verdant hills. Wrexham Bell Tower is a famous tower in Wales and was built in the 15th century. Wales is famous for having more castles than anywhere else in the world like Caernarfon Castle is one of the largest and was built by King Edward I in the 13th century.

c. Scotland

Edinburgh is the capital and second-largest city of Scotland. Men in plaid (kilt) dresses are an iconic image and traditional dress of Scottish men. One of the most popular and especially famous musical instruments in Scotland is the bagpipe, which is used in many celebrations, funerals and national holidays. Inverness is the capital of the Highlands; Stirling is a royal fortress city with a vibrant modern outlook. It was granted city status in 2002. One of the top things Scotland is known for is the Loch Ness Monster, who is said to reside in the waters of Loch Ness. Scotland is also famous for its clans, kilts, medieval castles, as well as poetry and songs of Robert Bums. Theatre lovers from around the world come to Edinburgh for its famous Edinburgh festival.

D. Northern Ireland

Belfast is Northern Ireland's capital city, the cultural and economic hub, and is renowned as one of the UK's safest places. Harland and Wolff Shipbuilding Corporation of Northern Ireland is the largest shipyard in the world, especially the legendary ship built in Belfast in 1912. The Mountains of Mourne - the popular song has made the Mournes the best-known mountains in Ireland. Distinctive and self-contained, they are tucked away in the southeast corner of Northern Ireland, with 12 shapely summits rising above 2, 000ft on the eastern side. The Giant's Causeway is Northern Ireland's only UNESCO World Heritage Site, famed around the world for its columns of layered basalt.

3. Why has the UK Government encouraged immigrant communities to speak their own languages and English?

The language that immigrants speak is no longer a personal matter. Instead, it has become a public policy objective in the United Kingdom. In the UK, the British Government encourages the immigrant community to speak their own language and English shows equality between languages, thus showing ethnic equality. Encouraging immigrant communities to speak their own language and English also preserves national identity. In bilingual or multilingual schools, some subjects are taught in English, some subjects are taught in the mother tongue.

The most obvious reason why English became so popular in the first place was because of the British Empire. Before colonizing a quarter of the planet, the British were the only people who spoke English, and the language was limited to the British Isles. But once they started trading with places like Asia and Africa, colonizing and settling across the globe, the language would naturally spread. So English then became an elite language, spoken by people educated in literature, philosophy, and poetry.

4. Why is standard English with an RP accent the usual model for people learning British English as a foreign language? What justification can you find for this practice?

- Received Pronunciation, also known as "RP," is a British accent known as the "Standard British" accent. It is spoken mostly in London and South East England but is also the accent most often used in formal education and the media (such as news broadcasts). It is also used for phonetic pronunciations in all British dictionaries.

- Received Pronunciation is one of the only British accents that is not limited to the UK or a certain geographical location in the UK. Because it is used in education, students who attend international schools that use a British curriculum anywhere in the world could speak with an RP accent. Additionally, RP is one of the main accents used to teach English as a foreign language (standard American English is another).

- Like most other British accents, RP is non-rhotic, meaning the /r/ sound in the middle or at the end of a word is dropped unless a vowel comes after it. For example:

Example:

The /r/ is not pronounced in words such as "father," "car," "butter," and "farm."

Father: /fa: ðǝ/

Car: /ka: /

5. Give your comment on the British Parliament.

The UK Parliament is a model for other parliaments to follow. It consists of 3 elements: The Senate, the House of Commons and the King and Queen. Which The House of Commons is the most important factor and the prime minister belongs to the House of Commons. The Senate, representing the aristocracy, has the power to suspend the enactment of bills voted on by the lower house for a period of two sessions not exceeding one year. The House of Commons represents the people in society, and has the power to decide all domestic and foreign policies of the country and to vote on all laws for England. The Prime Minister holds both legislative and executive positions, appoints cabinet members and ministers, and controls all government agencies and civil servants. At the proposal of the prime minister, the King exercises rights including the right to dissolve the parliament; appoint judicial, political, state and ecclesiastical titles; nobility and knighthood; award medals or other titles. The Queen is a symbol of the unity of the country, she performs diplomatic duties, performs ceremonies such as welcoming foreign heads of state or participating in official events.

6. Why does the British Prime Minister continue to "advise" and "request" the King, Queen, when everybody knows that he/she is really telling the monarch what to do?

In theory, the Queen has almost absolute power and is above the law. She can choose or fire the Prime Minister if she wants. However, in reality, she must choose the person who is supported by the majority of MPs in the House of Commons as Prime Minister and that person is the leader of the strongest party in the House of Commons. Likewise, it is the Prime Minister who actually decides who the other government ministers will be (although officially, the Prime Minister is simply 'advising' who the monarch chooses). The Prime Minister will talk about requesting the dissolution of parliament when he wants to hold an election, but normally the monarch will not be able to refuse this request. In fact, the queen and the king have almost no authority and can only give opinions on the policies that the government makes.

7. What are the outstanding features of the English education system?

- The UK government administers the education system through the LEA. For public schools, tuition is paid by the government, so students can study for free. For private schools, students will have to pay tuition, so most students are wealthy. These schools have better facilities and produce more talented people.

- Most States will have their own curriculum and textbooks, although the structure and content are similar across the country.

- The education system is divided into two levels: Primary and secondary. The compulsory age for primary school and 5 to 11 and secondary school is 11 to 16 years old, although most students continue to study until they are 18 years old.

- At the age of 16, all students must take the GCSE exam to receive a diploma. In addition, if students have to accumulate A-levels if they want to continue studying at colleges and universities after graduation.

8. Give your comment on the British education system (kind of school, school level, curriculums, qualification, management)

The UK has the most developed and prestigious education in the world. Each school has a different curriculum, in the UK teaching mainly practical skills and essential knowledge which need in life. This is why many people choose to study in the UK.

Many people choose UK education because of one of the oldest and most successful educations in the world. Children attending a UK public school will help them build self-confidence, and they will also receive sex and relationship education, including education on HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The national curriculum also ensures that children receive a good education in a wide range of subjects and outlines the standards children must meet in each subject. Many extracurricular activities allow students to explore what interests them and gain social skills. The outstanding feature of British educational activities is to create a friendly learning environment, without pressure for personal achievement, always focusing on thinking and analytical skills, etc. British education upholds the spirit of education. Self-study, creativity, innovation, teamwork, and so on.

● There are 2 types of schools: Public and private schools, the school level is primary and secondary, and each school will have its own textbooks and degrees: GCSE, and A level.

● All British schools - State Independent are required to follow the National Curriculum guidelines set down by the government

● Standard Achievement Tests (SATs) are administered at 7, 11 and 14 years to assess each student's progress. The management depends on the public and private schools. Public schools are managed through LBA, private schools have a management system and association between the school and parents.

9. What do the three branches of the UK government do?

- Legislature branch, parliament belongs to the legislative branch and makes primary legislation, passes laws, authorizes taxes and government budgets, scrutinizes and investigates government administration, and debates current issues. Although it has devolved a range of issues to the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly and, when it is sitting, the Northern Ireland Assembly, Under the constitution, Parliament is supreme and has authority over government and law-making in the United Kingdom as a whole.

- The executive branch is the branch that decides how to carry out the law and the prime minister is the head of the executive branch. The executive comprises the Government (members of the net and other ministers responsible for policies) ; government departments and local authorities, public corporations; independent regulatory bodies; and other organizations subject to ministerial control. The Government derives its authority and membership from Parliament and can only stay in office if it is able to command a majority in the House of Commons.

- The judiciary branch determines common law arid interprets legislation and supports laborers' rights. The judiciary comprises the judges in the courts of law, those who hold judicial office in tribunals and the lay magistrates who staff the magistrates' courts. It safeguards the rights of the individual, settles disputes in accordance with the law and ensures that democracy does not give way to individual or group dictatorship.

10. How many types of family patterns are there in the UK? Which is your favorite? Why?

7 types of family structures in Uk: Nuclear families, extended families, single-parent families, same-sex families, childless families, stepfamilies, grandparent families

* My favorite type of family is the nuclear family. The nuclear family is a family consisting of a father, a mother, and one to two children.

The positive side of the nuclear family is financial stability, both parents often go to work. Children become more responsible and independent, children learn to solve problems on their own. Children are raised in a stable and careful parenting situation. Children have good conditions to study. This is the type of family that is not only popular in the UK but also all over the world. On the bad point, nuclear families usually have 1 or 2 children, sometimes parents are away. Children often have many problems at home such as being left unattended and feeling lonely, insecure and unsafe. It is difficult for parents to control and deal with emergencies such as illness, and accidents.

11. Explain the functions of the House of Commons

The House of Commons has more functions than the House of Lords. One of its main functions is scrutiny of the government. The house does this in three ways: Questions; debates; and committees. Parliamentary Questioning gives backbenchers the power to raise questions, challenge government policy and call for action. The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, an MP elected by other MPs to preside over the House, Other officers include the Chairman of Ways and Means and two deputy chairmen, who are also MPs and may act as Deputy Speakers. The House of Commons Commission a statutory body chaired by, the speaker, is responsible for the administration of the House. Members of the Commons (MPs) debate the big political issues of the day and proposals for new laws.

Another key function of the House of Commons is its role in the legislative process. Every successful bill goes through a lengthy process of three readings; a committee; a report; and amendments by the House of Lords. MPs have a big part to play when creating and reviewing legislation. Another key function of the House of Commons is its role in the legislative process. Every successful bill goes through a lengthy process of three readings; a committee; a report; and amendments by the House of Lords. MPs have a big part to play when creating and reviewing legislation. Another key function of the House of Commons is its role in the legislative process. Every successful bill goes through a lengthy process of three readings; a committee; a report; and amendments by the House of Lords. MPs have a big part to play when creating and reviewing legislation. This comprises debates on the fundamentals of the bill and takes half to a full day. During the debates the relevant minister and shadow minister make a speech, then other MPs are allowed to make speeches and give their opinion on the bill.

12. In what ways are British pubs different from typical cafés and bars in your country British-Vietnam

- In the UK, bar and cafe owners must have a license to operate and are open from 11 am to 11 pm.

- According to British law, the legal age to go to bars to buy beer and wine is over 18 years old.

- When you go to bars or cafes, you have to go to the counter to order drinks and food and pay immediately, with no service at the table.

- In Vietnam, cafes and bars are open all day and night.

- There is no legal regulation on this issue, and there is no age limit when going to bars and cafes.

- When you go to bars and cafes in Vietnam, you will be served at the table.

13. Do you think that the British welfare state is successful in going to help to everyone who needs it?

The British welfare state is successful in going to help to everyone who needs it. The UK is a developed country so welfare is a top priority in this country. The state budget and social funds are abundant. Therefore, this budget is intended to help the elderly, disabled or sick, the homeless, pregnant women, single parents, children, unemployed or low-income people, and the pension level. This welfare helps people in the UK cover their daily living expenses and everything is fine. Unlike the UK, Vietnam is a developing country. Therefore, social welfare resources are limited. Although there is help from the state budget, this amount is insufficient for people to cover their living expenses.

14/ What are the function of the UK press? What are the national newspapers like?

The United Kingdom has a long tradition of a free press. Newspapers can express obvious political learnings in their editorial coverage. British people access information every day and the press also contributes to the development, preservation and exchange of cultures. Besides, the press also has an entertainment function. In addition to sales revenue, newspapers earn considerable amounts from advertising. The press is the largest advertising medium in the United Kingdom. Online newspapers are not only popular in the UK but also around the world because it is convenient and can access information quickly and promptly. Especially, the press plays an important role in during covid-19 pandemic, people feel absolutely trusted by providing them with accurate and timely information and how to overcome this problem.

National newspapers are often described as broadsheet or tabloid papers on the basis of differences in format, style and content. The Times is available in a "compact" tabloid size as well as the traditional broadsheet. Articles are very various topics such as arts, travel, food and wine, fashion, leisure, etc. Moreover, some famous newspapers in the UK are Daily Express, The Times, The Sun, Yorkshire Times, etc.

15. In your opinion, what bank holiday is the most popular with British people? Describe it in detail is it similar to a certain holiday or festival in your country?

New Year's Day is a favorite bank holiday and the most popular in British. It takes place on the first day of the new year, January 1. In the UK, on New Year's Eve, people gather at Trafalgar Square and Piccadilly Circus or any other place to hear the sound of a Bronze large lake. Ben of London heralds the arrival of the New Year. Everyone, whether familiar or strange, holds hands and sings Auld Lang Syne and counts down to the new year. On New Year's Day, people visit relatives and friends. They enjoy the party and watch TV to receive wishes from the Royal and Government to the people. Besides, everyone watched the football match together.

In Vietnam, New Year's Day is just a day off for the whole people. Lunar New Year is the most important day of the year in Vietnam. It takes place around the end of January to the beginning of February. The Tet holiday often lasts for 7 - 9 days. Before Tet, all family members cleaned and cleared the house and the garden. They also decorate the house with parallel sentences and peach or apricot blossoms. During Tet, some families enjoy this festival by preparing traditional food. For all Vietnamese, Tet is an occasion for them to the reunion after 12-month working hard outside