Đặc điểm của biến thể NN - Tiếng lóng qua các phương tiện truyền thông đại chúng ở Việt Nam

Đặc điểm xã hội, ngôn ngữ của biến thể ngôn ngữ xã hội –tiếng lóng qua các phương tiện truyền thông đại chúng ở Việt Nam. (Sociolinguistic background/ reasons for language variety (sociolect) of slang through media means in Vietnam)

A. INTRODUCTION

1. Research reason

Language is a complex, evolving system to satisfy human communication needs. When a speaker has a new need for language in order to achieve effective communication, the language may undergo some change or variation over time. This variety and development created many social dialects with different characteristics. One of the most popular social dialects right now is slang. Besides, the popularity of the media is also a means of conveying messages to the audience.communication is an important factor that has profoundly changed the current Vietnamese language, at the same time, it also helps people quickly update new Vietnamese usage trends. For that reason, I chose the topic "Sociolinguistic background/ reasons for language variety (sociolect) of slang through media means in Vietnam" to study the social variation of slang that is emerging and developing in Vietnamese today. The research results will contribute to clarifying more problems of linguistic theory as well as a current Vietnamese research practice.

2. Aims of the study

In terms of theory, the essay aims to contribute to research and supplement the theory of sociological linguistics in Vietnam in the context of globalization and the impact of the life of media and technology, specifical research about language variety, the matter of choosing and using the language of social groups. In practical terms, the research contributes to building and updating standard Vietnamese in the new period and orienting the general language attitudes of the community.

3. Research question and scope of research

Two research questions are posed are what are the characteristics of the social language variation of slang? And how are the characteristics of slang expressed in the media in Vietnam?

There are many different types of mass media, the most common being radio, television, newspapers and internet. In the age of information explosion, the media has a very important role in the social life. Because of that, the research scope of the topic is very wide, I only focus on journalism. Especially electronic newspapers for young people such as Zing.vn, Yan News, Hoa Hoc Tro, Channel 14, and so on.

4. Research method

The study uses methods such as collecting data, and then statistic and analysis of the collected data. The purpose of this method is to find the Sociolinguistic background of the linguistic variant - slang through media in Vietnam.

B. CONTENT

1. Definition

1.1. Definition of language variety

In sociolinguistics, language variety-also called lect-is a general term for any distinctive form of a language or linguistic expression. Linguists commonly use language variety (or simply variety) as a cover term for any of the overlapping subcategories of a language, including dialect, register, jargon, and idiolect. Varieties of language develop for a number of reasons: Differences can come about for geographical reasons; people who live in different geographic areas often develop distinct dialects-variations of standard English. Those who belong to a specific group, often academic or professional, tend to adopt jargon that is known to and understood by only members of that select group. Even individuals develop idiolects, their own specific ways of speaking.

1.2. Definition of Slang

Slang is a social dialect associated with a particular social group created and used by that social group. It clearly shows the identity of that social group. Slang has limited and informal use. Slang is provisional, appearing rapidly and changing, and can be lost quickly. Group internality is characteristic of slang. Additionally, Bethany. K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter (1978) defined: "Slangs are a set of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language. Slangs are often highly regional, specific to a particular territory or subculture. Slang words and expressions can spread outside their original arena, and some may even lose their slang status and become accepted as a standard language. Often, the widespread adoption of a slangs term by mainstream culture will cause the subculture it originated in to create a new, less recognized term."

1.3. Definition of media means

Media means is a process of continuously exchanging or sharing information, emotions, and skills to create a connection to lead to changes in behavior and perception. Its connotation is the content, manner, path, means to reach mutual understanding between individuals and society. In other words, media means is understood as the means of conveying messages to large groups of people. There are many different types of mass media, the most common being radio, television, newspapers, and the internet. In the age of information explosion, the media has a very important role in social life. The language in each style has its own characteristics, newspaper is no exception. The slang in the press in particular and the media, in general, must have its own distinctive characteristics.

2. Language variety of slang through media means in Vietnam through origins and periods

Based on the origin criteria, we can divide Vietnamese vocabulary into two basic classes: Pure Vietnamese words and borrowed words. However, the boundary between these word classes is not entirely clear. Many foreign words have joined the class of pure native words, even native people cannot recognize them, especially Sino - Vietnamese words.

2.1. Slang words of purely Vietnamese origin.

Pure Vietnamese words are an old class of words, native people can understand their meaning without any hindrance. Meanwhile, slang is seen as a language variety. That is, not all social groups use slang. Thus, in order to create a distinctive feature, slang must have a different meaning from the national language. For example, the slang "hot" in Vietnamese is used to refer to current events that are of great interest to many people.

2.2. Slang from the borrowed origin

In Vietnamese vocabulary, there are mainly two classes of borrowed words that are borrowed of Chinese origin and class of borrowed words of India - European origin (French, Russian, English). With the class of borrowed Chinese words, it is extremely difficult to classify and define clearly and with absolute accuracy. Because the class of words is mainly Sino - Vietnamese words that existed in Vietnamese vocabulary from more than ten centuries ago. They are Vietnameseized very strongly, becoming too familiar and close to the Vietnamese. For Indo-European borrowed words, due to the later integration into Vietnamese vocabulary, they have not been completely Vietnameseized, it is easy to see that many foreign elements still exist in the words themselves.

The phenomenon of using borrowed words class of slang in the media can be explained by the age psychology factor. The object of using slang in the media is mainly young people. When using the borrowed Chinese class, young people towards serious exchanges, mature and formal emotions. The slang of Chinese origin words is rarely used because it does not evoke a feeling of youthfulness, unconventional, young people who use this class a lot will be judged as "cheesy" and "lacking in youthful vigor" by the same age. In contrast, with borrowed words from India - European loan words (mainly English), when using young people, they will show their sophistication, modernity and English proficiency.

In summary, the above results show that a part of the media slang was built by borrowing methods. Borrowing vocabulary in the media is initially a form of speech and then goes into newspapers or other media. Another reason why young people in particular and Vietnamese people in general use slang terms, according to the borrowing method is influenced by cultural, historical and social factors.

3. Language characteristics of language variety of slang through media mean in Vietnam through social groups.

In terms of morphology, there is no difference between slang and ordinary words. The only sign that helps us identify and distinguish slang from common words is the feature of the context in which they appear. That is, when considering slang in a pragmatic aspect, it is necessary to consider factors such as specific space, specific time, objects involved in communication and communication topics. In which, it is necessary to study deeply to learn about the characteristics of the objects using slang and the topic content brought by these groups of words.

Slang is often associated with specific social groups. In other words, the existence and development of slang are always associated with the existence and development of the social group that produced them, using them. Thus, in each type of slang, there are cultural and linguistic characteristics of that social group. The surveyed materials come from the mass media so language when appearing in this communication channel all goes through the process of editing, drafting and the sentences are more elaborate. Furthermore, the majority of objects who use and receive information from the media are young people. That is the reason why students' slang words are popular, accounting for almost absolute proportion in the survey results.

Slang words often have fluctuations. Young people always change to "make new" the language they use. The survey slang words are mostly around topics such as studies, exams, friendships, love for students, etc. For example, the word "float" in Vietnamese means "an object that is floating on the water, to be a target or to support other objects that float" has been used with the slang meaning of "documents that students hide, bring into the examination room to cheat."

C. CONCLUTION

Slang is an inevitable cultural product of modern society, an inevitable linguistic phenomenon. Except for completely newly created slang, most of the current slang is built on the foundation of the national language, through phonetic, lexical-semantic and pragmatic changes. Same social group but at different times will create different slang words.

Along with the development of society, slang also develops new and more creative expressions. This represents the provisional nature of the slang "Born and died in a short time." Because the research scope is in the media means, the object is mainly young. Young people's slang has a popular scope of use, has a unique semantic color, is playful, witty, and shows the identity of the youth group.

A. REFERENCES

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