LÝ THUYẾT 1. Cách thành lập DANH TỪ Formation NOUNS Verb + er/ or/ ant Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant.. Verb + ion Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision.. Verb + ment/ al Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval.. Verb + ing Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building.. Adj + ness Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness, sickness.. Adj + ty Safety, loyalty, variety, ability, honesty, cruelty.. Adj + th Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength.. Adj + dom Freedom, wisdom, boredom.. Noun + ist/ ian Guitarish, novelish, violinist, musician, physician, historian.. Noun + ism Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism.. Noun + ship Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship.. Noun + hood Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood.. Super/ over/ sub/ sur + N Super market, super manover expendituresub way over expenditure Vị trí của DANH TỪ Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books . Sau – mạo từ: a /an / the – từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each.. – từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several.. – tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its.. He is a student . These flowers are beautiful. She needs some water. Sau ngoại động từ (V cầnO) She buys books . She meets a lot of people . Sau giới từ (prep. + N) He talked about the story yesterday. He is interested in music . Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived. Sau enough (enough + N) I don't have enough money to buy that house. 2. Cách thành lập TÍNH TỪ formular Adjectives – ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful, careful.. – less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless.. – ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, friendly.. – like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike.. – ish Childish, boyish, girlish, selfish.. – y Hearthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy.. – al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical.. – ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous.. – ic Artistic, electric, alcoholic, economic.. – able Enjoyable, reasonable, respectable.. Un/ im/ il/ ir/in/ dis + adj Unimportant, impossible, illegal, irregular, disable.. 3. Vị trí của TÍNH TỪ Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books. Sau TO BE I am tired . Sau: Become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem.. It becomes hot. She feels sad. Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite, rather.. It is extremely cold . I'm terribly sorry . She is very beautiful. Sau keep / make) The news made me happy. Sau too (be + too + adj) That house is too small. Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn't large enough. Trong cấu trúc: Be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can't speak. A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my.. + (Adj ) + Noun My new car is blue. Trong câu cảm thán: – How + adj + S + V – What + (a / an) + adj + N How beautiful the girl is! What an interesting film! Note: adj-ed adj-ing Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING) : Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó. Ex: That film is interesting . (Bộ phim đó hay) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay) Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED) : Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại. Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối) 4. Cách thành lập ĐỘNG TỪ Formular Verbs Dis + verb Dislike, disagree, discharge, disappear, disappoint.. Mis + verb Mislead, misread, misunderstand.. Out + verb Outrun, outlive, outnumber.. Over + verb Overweigh, overpay, overturn, overheat, overcharge.. Re + verb Rewrite, reuse, recycle, return, retell, recall.. Under + verb Underdevelop, underdo, underline, undercharge, undersign.. En + adj Enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage, endanger.. ADJ/ noun + en Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, soften Adj/ noun + ise/ ize Socialize, memorize, industrialize, sympathise economise.. 5. Cách thành lập TRẠNG TỪ Phần lớn: Adj + -ly -> Adv Ex: Beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently.. Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: – good (a) well (adv) : Giỏi, tốt – late (a) late / lately (adv) : Trễ, chậm – ill (a) ill (adv) : Xấu, tồi, kém – fast (a) fast (adv) : Nhanh – hard (a) hard (adv) : Tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv) : Hầu như không Vị trí của Trạng từ Adv + adj Ex: She is very beautiful. The weather is extremely hot. Adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence. Ex: Unfortunately, he failed the exam. Adverbs are placed after the verb modified. Ex: He is running fast. Adv + Pii Ex: He is well educated. The wedding day is carefully chosen by groom's parents. Bài tập vận dụng: Supply the correct form of the words in capital letters Exercise 1: 1. If you have any _________ about the TV set you bought, take it back to the store (COMPLAIN) 2. It was very _____ of you to interrupt your teacher when he was speaking (POLITE) 3. He was very _______ of the work he had done (PRIDE) 4. During his ________ his family lived in the country (CHILD) 5. John's _______ made it hard for him to speak in public (SHY) 6. Scientists estimate that the world ______ will double in ten years' time (POPULATE) 7. My favorite form of ______ is playing the guitar (ENTERTAIN) 8. Peter's _______ as director came as no surprise (APPOINT) 9. We can see some strange ______ on his face (EXPRESS) 10. You must be _______ when you open that door (CARE) Exercise 2: A study into children's television viewing habits reveals that children whose parent have a high level of (1) ________ (EDUCATE) tend to watch less television than children from less educated family (2) _______ (BACK). The report also suggests that high rate of TV watching among children in poorer (3) ________ (SUBURB) areas and in the provinces, compared to those living in large urban centre, is often due to (4) ______ (POOR) and a lack of other kinds of (5) _____ (ENTERTAINMENT) in the area. Disco, cinema, theatre and sports (6) ______ (ACTIVE) offer children in urban centre a wider range of pastimes, which leads to far (7) ______ (FEW) hours being spent in front of the box. (8) ________ (COMERCE), comedies and adventure films are children's ______ (FAVOR) programmes, while twenty per cent of children said they preferred (10) ______ (VOLENCE) films and thrillers. Exercise 3: 1. _____ claim that the virus among seals was caused by pollution (ENVIRONMENT) 2. Jame received a lot of _______ from her teacher and friends (COURAGE) 3. Using electricity is an ____ way of cooking. Gas is much cheaper (ECONOMY) 4. The twins are so alike that it is difficult to _______ one from the other (DISTINCT) 5. Thousands of people were made ______ by the earthquake in Indonesia (HOME) 6. The ______ of the building has shocked everyone (DESTROY) 7. Mary always listens _____ to what the teacher explains (ATTEND) 8. The new leisure center doesn't quite come up to my _____ (EXPECT) 9. I think it is very ______ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this week (REASON) 10. Thousands of people are living in ______ after the earthquake. (MISERABLE) Exercise 4: 1. The thing I hate about John is his ________ (RELIABLE) 2. The thief replaced the diamond with a ______ stone (WORTH) 3. Although both ______ were good, we decided on the one with more experience (APPLY) 4. He is thinking of taking early ______ next year (RETIRE) 5. His boss accused him being over _______ (AMBITION) 6. Thousands of people have been made _______ by the war (HOME) 7. The keys were locked inside the car. _________, a side window was open (LUCK) 8. Due to the driver's ______, we missed the train (STUBBORN) 9. There was the longest queue _______ in front of the box office (IMAGINE) 10. I'm just a beginner in _______ with Huong (COMPARE) Exercise 5: 1. Harry asked for a ______ and the cashier gave him one (RECEIVE) 2. No one knows the exact _____ of the water here (DEEP) 3. You have to have a lot of _______ to go fishing (PATIENT) 4. _______ is a serious matter, and you have to think about it (MARRY) 5. Tom sent in his ______ for the job the next day (APPLY) 6. Đáp án bài tập nâng cao luyện tập cấu tạo từ Bấm để xem Supply the correct form of the words in capital letters Exercise 1: 1. If you have any __complaint (s) _______ about the TV set you bought, take it back to the store (COMPLAIN) 2. It was very _impolite____ of you to interrupt your teacher when he was speaking (POLITE) 3. He was very __proud_____ of the work he had done (PRIDE) 4. During his __childhood______ his family lived in the country (CHILD) 5. John's __shyness_____ made it hard for him to speak in public (SHY) 6. Scientists estimate that the world __population____ will double in ten years' time (POPULATE) 7. My favorite form of _entertainment_____ is playing the guitar (ENTERTAIN) 8. Peter's ___appointment____ as director came as no surprise (APPOINT) 9. We can see some strange ___expressions___ on his face (EXPRESS) 10. You must be __careful_____ when you open that door (CARE) Exercise 2: A study into children's television viewing habits reveals that children whose parent have a high level of (1) __education______ (EDUCATE) tend to watch less television than children from less educated family (2) _backgrounds______ (BACK). The report also suggests that high rate of TV watching among children in poorer (3) _suburban_______ (SUBURB) areas and in the provinces, compared to those living in large urban centre, is often due to (4) __poverty____ (POOR) and a lack of other kinds of (5) _entertainment____ (ENTERTAIN) in the area. Disco, cinema, theatre and sports (6) _activities_____ (ACTIVE) offer children in urban centre a wider range of pastimes, which leads to far (7) __fewer____ (FEW) hours being spent in front of the box. (8) ___commercials_____ (COMERCE), comedies and adventure films are children's __favorite____ (FAVOR) programmes, while twenty per cent of children said they preferred (10) __violent____ (VOLENCE) films and thrillers. Exercise 3: 1. _Environmentalists____ claim that the virus among seals was caused by pollution (ENVIRONMENT) 2. Jame received a lot of _encouragement______ from her teacher and friends (COURAGE) 3. Using electricity is an _uneconomic___ way of cooking. Gas is much cheaper (ECONOMY) 4. The twins are so alike that it is difficult to __distinguish_____ one from the other (DISTINCT) 5. Thousands of people were made __homeless____ by the earthquake in Indonesia (HOME) 6. The _destruction_____ of the building has shocked everyone (DESTROY) 7. Mary always listens __attentively___ to what the teacher explains (ATTEND) 8. The new leisure center doesn't quite come up to my __expectations___ (EXPECT) 9. I think it is very __unreasonable____ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this week (REASON) 10. Thousands of people are living in __misery____ after the earthquake. (MISERABLE) Exercise 4: 1. The thing I hate about John is his ___unreliability_____ (RELIABLE) 2. The thief replaced the diamond with a _worthless_____ stone (WORTH) 3. Although both __applicants____ were good, we decided on the one with more experience (APPLY) 4. He is thinking of taking early __retirement____ next year (RETIRE) 5. His boss accused him being over __ambitioned_____ (AMBITION) 6. Thousands of people have been made __homeless_____ by the war (HOME) 7. The keys were locked inside the car. ____Luckily_____, a side window was open (LUCK) 8. Due to the driver's _stubbornness_____, we missed the train (STUBBORN) 9. There was the longest queue __imaginable_____ in front of the box office (IMAGINE) 10. I'm just a beginner in __comparison_____ with Huong (COMPARE) Exercise 5: 1. Harry asked for a ___receipt___ and the cashier gave him one (RECEIVE) 2. No one knows the exact _depth____ of the water here (DEEP) 3. You have to have a lot of ___patience____ to go fishing (PATIENT) 4. __Marriage_____ is a serious matter, and you have to think about it (MARRY) 5. Tom sent in his __application____ for the job the next day (APPLY)
